College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 10;24(20):15043. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015043.
Biochar is usually considered as an organic improver which can improve soil and increase crop yields. However, the unrestricted application of biochar to normal-fertility farmland will cause chemical stress on crops and affect agricultural production. At present, the effects and mechanisms of high-dose applications of biochar on rice ( L.) production and soil biological characteristics have not been fully studied. In this greenhouse pot experiment, combined with soil microbial metagenomics, three treatments in triplicates were conducted to explore the responses of rice production, soil chemical properties, and soil biological properties to high-dose applications of biochar (5%, /) prepared using peanut waste (peanut hulls and straw). The results show that peanut hulls, with a loose texture and pore structure, are a raw material with stronger effects for preparing biochar than peanut straw in terms of its physical structure. In a rice monoculture system, high-dose applications of biochar (5%, /) can slightly increase the grains per spike, while significantly inhibiting the spike number per pot and the percentage of setting. High-dose applications of biochar also have significant negative effects on the diversity and stability of soil bacterial and archaeal communities. Moreover, the microbial metabolism and nutrient cycling processes are also significantly affected by changing the soil carbon/nitrogen ratio. This study discusses the response mechanisms of rice production and soil biology to high-dose biochar applications, and complements the understanding of irrational biochar application on agricultural production and land sustainability.
生物炭通常被认为是一种有机改良剂，能够改善土壤并提高作物产量。然而，将生物炭无限制地应用于肥力正常的农田会对作物造成化学胁迫，影响农业生产。目前，高剂量生物炭应用对水稻（L.）生产和土壤生物学特性的影响及其机制尚未得到充分研究。在这项温室盆栽试验中，采用结合土壤微生物宏基因组学的方法，设置了三个重复处理，以探讨高剂量生物炭（5%，/）应用对水稻产量、土壤化学性质和土壤生物学特性的响应。生物炭是利用花生废弃物（花生壳和秸秆）制备的。结果表明，花生壳在物理结构方面比花生秸秆更适合作为制备生物炭的原料，因为它具有疏松的质地和孔隙结构。在水稻单作系统中，高剂量生物炭（5%，/）的应用可以略微增加穗粒数，但显著抑制每盆穗数和结实率。高剂量生物炭的应用还对土壤细菌和古菌群落的多样性和稳定性产生显著的负面影响。此外，土壤碳氮比的改变还显著影响微生物代谢和养分循环过程。本研究讨论了水稻生产和土壤生物学对高剂量生物炭应用的响应机制，补充了对农业生产和土地可持续性中不合理生物炭应用的认识。
