Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Podłużna 3, ul. Łobzowska 24, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 19;24(20):15368. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015368.
Giant goldenrod ( Aiton) is one of the most invasive plant species occurring in Europe. Since little is known about the molecular mechanisms contributing to its invasiveness, we examined the natural dynamics of the content of rhizome compounds, which can be crucial for plant resistance and adaptation to environmental stress. We focused on rhizomes because they are the main vector of giant goldenrod dispersion in invaded lands. Water-soluble sugars, proline, and abscisic acid (ABA) were quantified in rhizomes, as well as ABA in the rhizosphere from three different but geographically close natural locations in Poland (50°04'11.3″ N, 19°50'40.2″ E) under extreme light, thermal, and soil conditions, in early spring, late summer, and late autumn. The genetic diversity of plants between locations was checked using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Sugar and proline content was assayed spectrophotometrically, and abscisic acid (ABA) with the ELISA immunomethod. It can be assumed that the accumulation of sugars in giant goldenrod rhizomes facilitated the process of plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions (high temperature and/or water scarcity) caused by extreme weather in summer and autumn. The same was true for high levels of proline and ABA in summer. On the other hand, the lowering of proline and ABA in autumn did not confirm the previous assumptions about their synthesis in rhizomes during the acquisition of frost resistance by giant goldenrod. However, in the location with intensive sunlight and most extreme soil conditions, a constant amount of ABA in rhizomes was noticed as well as its exudation into the rhizosphere. This research indicates that soluble sugars, proline, and ABA alterations in rhizomes can participate in the mechanism of acclimation of to specific soil and meteorological conditions in the country of invasion irrespective of plant genetic variation.
大泽米草（Aiton）是欧洲最具入侵性的植物物种之一。由于对导致其入侵性的分子机制知之甚少，我们研究了根茎化合物含量的自然动态，这对植物的抗性和适应环境压力至关重要。我们专注于根茎，因为它们是大泽米草在入侵地传播的主要载体。在早春、夏末和深秋，我们在波兰三个不同但地理位置相近的自然地点（50°04'11.3″N，19°50'40.2″E），在极端光照、热力和土壤条件下，从三个不同但地理位置相近的自然地点（50°04'11.3″N，19°50'40.2″E）的根茎中定量测定了水溶性糖、脯氨酸和脱落酸（ABA），以及根际中的 ABA。使用随机扩增多态性 DNA（RAPD）标记物检查了植物在地点之间的遗传多样性。用分光光度法测定糖和脯氨酸的含量，用 ELISA 免疫法测定脱落酸（ABA）。可以假设，根茎中糖的积累有助于植物适应夏季和秋季极端天气引起的不利环境条件（高温和/或缺水）。在夏季，脯氨酸和 ABA 含量较高也是如此。另一方面，秋季脯氨酸和 ABA 含量降低并不证实先前关于它们在根茎中合成以获得抗冻性的假设。然而，在阳光最充足和土壤条件最极端的地点，发现根茎中的 ABA 含量保持不变，并向根际渗出。这项研究表明，根茎中可溶性糖、脯氨酸和 ABA 的变化可能参与了大泽米草适应入侵国特定土壤和气象条件的机制，而与植物遗传变异无关。
