Rodrigues José F B, Queiroz João V S de A, Medeiros Rebeca P, Santos Rafaela O, Fialho Djair A, Neto João E S, Santos Rogério L Dos, Barbosa Rossemberg C, Sousa Wladymyr J B, Torres Maria da C de M, Medeiros Luanna A D M, Silva Suédina M de L, Montazerian Maziar, Fook Marcus V L, Amoah Solomon K S
Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil.
Department of Dentistry, Life Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Oct 3;16(10):1399. doi: 10.3390/ph16101399.
A lack of control over blood loss can have catastrophic implications, including death. Although several hemostatic medications have been employed to reduce bleeding, a vast majority of them are ineffective, expensive, or pose health risks to the patient. To overcome these constraints, chitosan-polyethylene glycol (CS-PEG) hemostatic gels loaded with ethanolic extract of sap (EES) were prepared and their hemostatic, physicochemical, and cytotoxic properties were evaluated. The gels were produced by mixing CS with PEG (an external plasticizer) and EES. The phytochemical analysis revealed a significant concentration of total polyphenols and tannins content in the extract and catechin was identified as one of the key compounds of EES. Infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of EES in the gels, as well as the chemical interaction between CS and PEG. The gels were thermally stable between 25 and 37 °C (ambient and human body temperature range), had pseudoplastic deformation behavior (rheological properties preserved after shearing), were simple to inject (compression force 30 N), and were biocompatible. In vivo experiments showed that both CS-PEG-EES gels exhibited greater hemostatic action in preventing tail hemorrhage in Wistar rats, with decreased bleeding time and blood weight compared with unloaded CS-PEG gels (control groups) and Hemostank, a commercial product. However, the gel prepared with acetic acid was more efficient in controlling bleeding. These findings reveal that CS-PEG-EES gels can reduce hemorrhages and are a potent, simple, and safe hemostatic agent.
无法控制失血可能会带来灾难性后果，包括死亡。尽管已经使用了几种止血药物来减少出血，但其中绝大多数无效、昂贵或对患者构成健康风险。为了克服这些限制，制备了负载有汁液乙醇提取物（EES）的壳聚糖 - 聚乙二醇（CS - PEG）止血凝胶，并评估了它们的止血、物理化学和细胞毒性特性。这些凝胶是通过将CS与PEG（一种外部增塑剂）和EES混合而制成的。植物化学分析表明提取物中总多酚和单宁含量浓度较高，儿茶素被鉴定为EES的关键化合物之一。红外光谱分析表明凝胶中存在EES，以及CS与PEG之间的化学相互作用。这些凝胶在25至37°C（环境温度和人体温度范围）之间具有热稳定性，具有假塑性变形行为（剪切后流变特性得以保留），易于注射（压缩力为30 N），并且具有生物相容性。体内实验表明，与未负载的CS - PEG凝胶（对照组）和商业产品Hemostank相比，两种CS - PEG - EES凝胶在预防Wistar大鼠尾部出血方面均表现出更大的止血作用，出血时间和失血量减少。然而，用乙酸制备的凝胶在控制出血方面更有效。这些发现表明，CS - PEG - EES凝胶可以减少出血，是一种有效、简单且安全的止血剂。
