Cruz-Morales Jorge A, Gutiérrez-Flores Carina, Zárate-Saldaña Daniel, Burelo Manuel, García-Ortega Héctor, Gutiérrez Selena
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
Investigadora por México, CONAHCYT, Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) y Escuela de Desarrollo Sustentable de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Carretera Acapulco-Zihuatanejo Km 106 +900. Col. Las Tunas, Tecpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, Mexico.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Oct 13;15(20):4074. doi: 10.3390/polym15204074.
Up to now, rubber materials have been used in a wide range of applications, from automotive parts to special-design engineering pieces, as well as in the pharmaceutical, food, electronics, and military industries, among others. Since the discovery of the vulcanization of natural rubber (NR) in 1838, the continuous demand for this material has intensified the quest for a synthetic substitute with similar properties. In this regard, synthetic polyisoprene rubber (IR) emerged as an attractive alternative. However, despite the efforts made, some properties of natural rubber have been difficult to match (i.e., superior mechanical properties) due not only to its high content of -1,4-polyisoprene but also because its structure is considered a naturally occurring nanocomposite. In this sense, cutting-edge research has proposed the synthesis of nanocomposites with synthetic rubber, obtaining the same properties as natural rubber. This review focuses on the synthesis, structure, and properties of natural and synthetic rubber, with a special interest in the synthesis of IR nanocomposites, giving the reader a comprehensive reference on how to achieve a mimic of NR.
到目前为止，橡胶材料已被广泛应用于从汽车零部件到特殊设计的工程部件等众多领域，以及制药、食品、电子和军事等行业。自1838年天然橡胶（NR）硫化被发现以来，对这种材料的持续需求加剧了对具有相似性能的合成替代品的探索。在这方面，合成聚异戊二烯橡胶（IR）成为一种有吸引力的替代品。然而，尽管做出了努力，但天然橡胶的一些性能（即优异的机械性能）一直难以匹配，这不仅是因为其高含量的 -1,4-聚异戊二烯，还因为其结构被认为是一种天然存在的纳米复合材料。从这个意义上说，前沿研究提出了用合成橡胶合成纳米复合材料，以获得与天然橡胶相同的性能。本综述重点关注天然橡胶和合成橡胶的合成、结构及性能，特别关注IR纳米复合材料的合成，为读者提供关于如何实现模仿天然橡胶的全面参考。
