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退款:对医疗保健中运气平等主义政策的辩护

Refund: a defense of luck egalitarian policy in healthcare.

作者信息

Yoshida Masahiro, Inoue Akira

机构信息

Shibuya Kyoiku Gakuen Makuhari Junior and Senior High School, 1-3 Wakaba, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City, Chiba, 261-0014, Japan.

Department of Advanced Social and International Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.

出版信息

Theor Med Bioeth. 2024 Feb;45(1):25-40. doi: 10.1007/s11017-023-09649-9. Epub 2023 Oct 30.

DOI:10.1007/s11017-023-09649-9
PMID:37902907
Abstract

Luck egalitarianism assigns a central role to personal responsibility in egalitarian justice. In the context of healthcare, luck egalitarianism is the view that the distribution of medical and healthcare resources-or common resources in general-should respond to the (im)prudence of individuals. Recently, Joar Björk, Gert Helgesson, and Niklas Juth have argued that it is impractical to use luck egalitarianism as a normative framework in healthcare because it has no reasonable way of dealing with the imprudent. In response to their argument, this paper first suggests that the epistemic problems of applying luck egalitarianism to the healthcare context raised by Björk et al. can be circumvented by using the exemption system as a policy application of luck egalitarian healthcare justice. This paper then shows that an ex ante policy, a tax system with refunds, can reasonably be adopted as a luck egalitarian institutional design of healthcare policy. We argue that the proposed conception of luck egalitarianism can deal with the problem of differential option luck. Finally, we show that the threshold problem for the definition of imprudence does not refute the proposed ex ante policy.

摘要

运气平等主义在平等主义正义中赋予个人责任核心地位。在医疗保健背景下,运气平等主义认为医疗和医疗保健资源(或一般公共资源)的分配应回应个人的(不)审慎。最近,乔尔·比约克、格特·赫尔格森和尼克拉斯·尤思认为,将运气平等主义用作医疗保健的规范框架是不切实际的,因为它没有合理的方式来处理不审慎的情况。针对他们的论点,本文首先表明,比约克等人提出的将运气平等主义应用于医疗保健背景时的认知问题,可以通过将豁免制度用作运气平等主义医疗保健正义的政策应用来规避。本文接着表明,一种事前政策,即带有退款的税收制度,可以合理地作为医疗保健政策的运气平等主义制度设计而被采纳。我们认为,所提出的运气平等主义概念能够处理不同选择运气的问题。最后,我们表明,不审慎定义的阈值问题并不能反驳所提出的事前政策。

相似文献

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Refund: a defense of luck egalitarian policy in healthcare.退款:对医疗保健中运气平等主义政策的辩护
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本文引用的文献

1
From Sufficient Health to Sufficient Responsibility.从充分健康到充分责任。
J Bioeth Inq. 2020 Sep;17(3):423-433. doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-09992-9. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
2
Responsibility amid the social determinants of health.健康社会决定因素中的责任。
Bioethics. 2021 Jan;35(1):6-14. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12782. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
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Taking Responsibility for Responsibility.对责任负责。
Public Health Ethics. 2019 Feb 11;12(2):103-113. doi: 10.1093/phe/phz001. eCollection 2019 Jul.
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Taking responsibility for health in an epistemically polluted environment.在一个认知受到污染的环境中对健康负责。
Theor Med Bioeth. 2018 Apr;39(2):123-141. doi: 10.1007/s11017-018-9444-1.
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Golden opportunity, reasonable risk and personal responsibility for health.黄金机遇、合理风险与个人健康责任。
J Med Ethics. 2018 Jan;44(1):59-61. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2017-104428. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
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Personal responsibility within health policy: unethical and ineffective.个人在卫生政策中的责任:不道德且无效。
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Phase-dependent justification: the role of personal responsibility in fair healthcare.阶段依赖性辩护:个人责任在公平医疗保健中的作用。
J Med Ethics. 2015 Oct;41(10):836-40. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2014-102645. Epub 2015 Aug 12.
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Luck Egalitarianism, Individual Responsibility and Health.运气平等主义、个人责任与健康
Balkan Med J. 2015 Jul;32(3):244-54. doi: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2015.150012. Epub 2015 Jul 1.
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A framework for luck egalitarianism in health and healthcare.健康与医疗领域运气平等主义的一个框架。
J Med Ethics. 2015 Feb;41(2):165-9. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2013-101666. Epub 2014 Feb 6.
10
Responsibility in health care: a liberal egalitarian approach.医疗保健中的责任:一种自由平等主义的方法。
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