Yoshida Masahiro, Inoue Akira
Shibuya Kyoiku Gakuen Makuhari Junior and Senior High School, 1-3 Wakaba, Mihama-ku, Chiba-City, Chiba, 261-0014, Japan.
Department of Advanced Social and International Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
Theor Med Bioeth. 2024 Feb;45(1):25-40. doi: 10.1007/s11017-023-09649-9. Epub 2023 Oct 30.
Luck egalitarianism assigns a central role to personal responsibility in egalitarian justice. In the context of healthcare, luck egalitarianism is the view that the distribution of medical and healthcare resources-or common resources in general-should respond to the (im)prudence of individuals. Recently, Joar Björk, Gert Helgesson, and Niklas Juth have argued that it is impractical to use luck egalitarianism as a normative framework in healthcare because it has no reasonable way of dealing with the imprudent. In response to their argument, this paper first suggests that the epistemic problems of applying luck egalitarianism to the healthcare context raised by Björk et al. can be circumvented by using the exemption system as a policy application of luck egalitarian healthcare justice. This paper then shows that an ex ante policy, a tax system with refunds, can reasonably be adopted as a luck egalitarian institutional design of healthcare policy. We argue that the proposed conception of luck egalitarianism can deal with the problem of differential option luck. Finally, we show that the threshold problem for the definition of imprudence does not refute the proposed ex ante policy.
运气平等主义在平等主义正义中赋予个人责任核心地位。在医疗保健背景下,运气平等主义认为医疗和医疗保健资源(或一般公共资源)的分配应回应个人的(不)审慎。最近,乔尔·比约克、格特·赫尔格森和尼克拉斯·尤思认为,将运气平等主义用作医疗保健的规范框架是不切实际的,因为它没有合理的方式来处理不审慎的情况。针对他们的论点,本文首先表明,比约克等人提出的将运气平等主义应用于医疗保健背景时的认知问题,可以通过将豁免制度用作运气平等主义医疗保健正义的政策应用来规避。本文接着表明,一种事前政策,即带有退款的税收制度,可以合理地作为医疗保健政策的运气平等主义制度设计而被采纳。我们认为,所提出的运气平等主义概念能够处理不同选择运气的问题。最后,我们表明,不审慎定义的阈值问题并不能反驳所提出的事前政策。