Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 31;13(1):18771. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-46079-y.
The economic burden of influenza is a significant issue within healthcare system, related to higher medical costs particularly among the elderly. Yet, influenza vaccination rates in the elderly in Malaysia were considerably low as it is not part of Malaysia's national immunization program, with substantial mortality and morbidity consequences. Therefore, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) for the elderly in Malaysia compared with the current no-vaccination policy. A static cost-utility model, with a lifetime horizon based on age, was used for the analysis to assess the cost-effectiveness and health outcomes associated with QIV. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the effects of variations in the parameters. The use of QIV in Malaysia's elderly population would prevent 66,326 potential influenza cases and 888 potential deaths among the elderly, leading to 10,048 potential quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. The QIV would also save over USD 4.4 million currently spent on influenza-related hospitalizations and reduce productivity losses by approximately USD 21.6 million. The ICER per QALY gained from a third-party payer's perspective would be USD 2216, which is lower than the country's gross domestic product per capita. A QIV-based vaccination program in the elderly was found to be highly cost-effective, therefore would reduce the financial burden of managing influenza and reduce pre-mature death related to this disease.
流感对医疗保健系统造成的经济负担是一个重大问题，尤其是老年人的医疗费用更高。然而，马来西亚老年人的流感疫苗接种率相当低，因为流感疫苗接种不在马来西亚国家免疫计划内，这会导致大量的死亡和发病。因此，我们针对马来西亚老年人的四价流感疫苗（QIV）进行了成本效益分析，将其与当前不接种疫苗的政策进行了比较。该分析采用基于年龄的终生静态成本-效用模型，评估 QIV 相关的成本效益和健康结果。进行了单变量和概率敏感性分析，以测试参数变化的影响。在马来西亚老年人中使用 QIV 将预防 66326 例潜在的流感病例和 888 例潜在的老年人死亡，从而获得 10048 例潜在的质量调整生命年（QALY）。QIV 还将节省目前用于流感相关住院治疗的超过 4400 万美元，并减少约 2160 万美元的生产力损失。从第三方支付者的角度来看，每获得一个 QALY 的增量成本效益比为 2216 美元，低于该国的人均国内生产总值。基于 QIV 的老年人疫苗接种计划被认为具有很高的成本效益，因此将减轻管理流感的经济负担，并减少与该疾病相关的过早死亡。
