[Stress fractures in the military context].

BACKGROUND

Soldiers, especially as recruits, are exposed to significantly elevated stress patterns of the foot due to occupation-related marching and excessive running. This can lead to military-specific stress fractures of the metatarsals, i.e., marching fractures. The treatment and prevention of stress fractures are of particular importance in the military context due to the impact on operational capability and treatment costs. A uniform classification of these fractures does not yet exist.

OBJECTIVE

Review of stress fractures in the military setting with presentation of the incidence, risk factors, classification, treatment and prevention possibilities.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A PubMed®-based review of the current literature on stress fractures in the military context was conducted and the results were discussed with a focus on specific military medical treatment options.

RESULTS

There are several possibilities to classify stress fractures, the most well-known being a 4-level magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based classification. Prevention and treatment possibilities are multifaceted but so far insufficiently validated.

CONCLUSION

Military-specific stress fractures should be grouped according to a 4-level and MRI-based classification. The treatment options include both conservative and surgical measures and should be implemented taking the patient's individual requirements into account. Preventive measures play a key role in the military context. They include the adaptation of screening tools, training and equipment and require continuous evaluation and development.