Pacific and Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, Science and Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts, USA.
Anal Methods. 2023 Nov 16;15(44):6040-6047. doi: 10.1039/d3ay01282d.
The current well-established chromatography and mass spectrometry based oil spill identification procedures, such as those outlined by the European Committee for Standardization, are highly reliable as methods, highly defensible in the court of law, and widely applicable to the majority of oil spill situations. Nevertheless, the methodology is time consuming and labour intensive, which may not be ideal when dealing with an emergency oil spill situation. In this study, direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART/TOFMS) was used to successfully develop an efficient oil identification method. To confirm the accuracy of this method spilled oil samples were tested from five previous years of blind round robin testing organized by the oil spill identification network of experts (OSINET) under the Bonn Agreement. Heatmap inspection, principal component analysis and finally discriminant analysis of principal components were used to arrive at final predictions regarding the identities of the spilled oil samples. The results were compared with the results of previous gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) analyses of the same oils. While taking only about a tenth of the time, the DART/TOFMS analysis produced results similar to those of classical GC/FID and GC/MS/MS (EI) procedures. The ability of DART/TOFMS to display this level of validity exemplifies its potential to be a new tool for supplementing classical analyses for oil spill forensics.
当前已确立的基于色谱和质谱的溢油鉴别程序，例如欧洲标准化委员会所概述的那些程序，作为方法具有高度可靠性，在法庭上具有高度可辩护性，并且广泛适用于大多数溢油情况。然而，该方法既耗时又费力，在处理紧急溢油情况时可能并不理想。在本研究中，直接实时分析飞行时间质谱（DART/TOFMS）被成功用于开发一种有效的溢油鉴别方法。为了确认该方法的准确性，对过去五年中根据《波恩协定》由溢油鉴别专家网络（OSINET）组织的盲样轮次测试中的溢油样本进行了测试。使用热图检查、主成分分析，最终对主成分进行判别分析，得出了关于溢油样本身份的最终预测。将结果与相同油样的先前气相色谱火焰离子化检测（GC/FID）和气相色谱三重四极杆质谱（GC/MS/MS）分析的结果进行了比较。虽然 DART/TOFMS 分析只花费了大约十分之一的时间，但它产生的结果与经典的 GC/FID 和 GC/MS/MS（EI）程序相似。DART/TOFMS 能够显示出这种水平的有效性，证明了它有潜力成为补充溢油取证中经典分析的新工具。
