Behavior and Fate of Chromium and Carbon during Fe(II)-Induced Transformation of Ferrihydrite Organominerals.

The mobility of chromium (Cr) is controlled by minerals, especially iron (oxyhydr)oxides. The influence of organic carbon (OC) on the mobility and fate of Cr(VI) during Fe(II)-induced transformation of iron (oxyhydr)oxide, however, is still unclear. We investigate how low-weight carboxyl-rich OC influences the transformation of ferrihydrite (Fh) and controls the mobility of Cr(VI/III) in reducing environments and how Cr influences the formation of secondary Fe minerals and the stabilization of OC. With respect to the transformation of Fe minerals, the presence of low-weight carboxyl-rich OC retards the growth of goethite crystals and stabilizes lepidocrocite for a longer time. With respect to the mobility of Cr, low-weight carboxyl-rich OC suppresses the Cr(III) associated with Fe minerals, and this suppression is enhanced with increasing carboxyl-richness of OC and decreasing pH. The presence of Cr(III) mitigates the decrease in total C associated with Fe minerals and increases the C especially for Fh organominerals made with carboxyl-rich OC. Our study sheds new light on the mobility and fate of Cr in reducing environments and suggests that there is a potential synergy between Cr(VI) remediation and OC stabilization.