Ahmad Meraj, Nighojkar Amrita, Plappally Anand
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune, 411025, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Feb;31(7):10395-10416. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30727-x. Epub 2023 Nov 4.
Moisture is an inherent constituent of air present across the world. The relative humidity varies with the change in temperature and climate specific to a region. In some regions of the world, there may be a relatively inadequate number of grains of moisture in the air in comparison with other regions. These factors widen the scope for the deployment of decentralized technology to capture water. The effectiveness in capturing moisture gains significance in these regions. Among the numerous forms of moisture, fog and dew are studied in depth. Over time, flora and fauna in different ecosystems have adapted to capture moisture as well as repel excesses of it according to their requirements. Therefore, bio-inspired studies and tailored engineering strategies have been incorporated in this review. Since efficient technologies are required at moisture-scarce locations, active moisture harvesting has also been studied. The use of innovative materials along with different energy sources to capture water is elaborated. The effects of climate change and environmental contamination on harvested moisture are therefore assessed. Community participation and economical use of harvested fog or dew influence the sustainability of moisture-capture projects. Therefore, this article also provides an insight into the services of decentralized water-harvesting projects run by diverse organizations and researchers across the globe.
水分是全球空气中固有的成分。相对湿度会随着特定地区温度和气候的变化而变化。在世界上的一些地区，与其他地区相比，空气中的水分颗粒数量可能相对不足。这些因素拓宽了采用分散式技术来收集水的范围。在这些地区，捕获水分的有效性变得至关重要。在众多形式的水分中，雾和露水得到了深入研究。随着时间的推移，不同生态系统中的动植物已经根据自身需求适应了捕获水分以及抵御过多水分的情况。因此，本综述纳入了受生物启发的研究和量身定制的工程策略。由于在缺水地区需要高效技术，所以也对主动式水分收集进行了研究。阐述了使用创新材料以及不同能源来捕获水的情况。因此，评估了气候变化和环境污染对收集到的水分的影响。社区参与以及对收集到的雾或露水的经济利用会影响水分捕获项目的可持续性。因此，本文还深入探讨了全球各地不同组织和研究人员开展的分散式集水项目所提供的服务。
