Liu Wei, Gamble Jeffrey Hugh, Cao Cui-Hong, Liao Xiao-Ling, Chen I-Hua, Flett Gordon L
Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, People's Republic of China.
Department of English, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2023 Nov 1;16:4445-4459. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S430455. eCollection 2023.
Mattering is essential to university students' mental health. Feeling valued by others or unimportant can affect their overall well-being. However, most measures for assessing mattering have been developed and tested in Western countries, with limited evaluation of the measures when administered to university students in other regions. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of three mattering-related instruments - the General Mattering Scale (GMS), Anti-Mattering Scale (AMS), and Fear of Not Mattering Inventory (FNMI) among Chinese university students using classical test theory and Rasch analysis.
The study comprised 3594 university students from 19 universities across 13 provinces in mainland China, with a balanced gender distribution of 47.2% females and 52.8% males. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 37, averaging 20.02 years. Most (78.4%) were in four-year programs, with the rest in three-year programs. The majority were freshmen (54.2%), and 86.3% had siblings. The predominant major was engineering (43.4%), followed by roughly equal representations in science, social science, and literature/art.
The three scales showed high reliability and factorial validity, with Rasch analysis confirming their unidimensionality and monotonicity, although 2 of 15 items (one GMS item and one FNMI item) had lower fit. There were no substantial differences in item functioning between male and female respondents. Further analyses indicated that mattering, anti-mattering, and fear of not mattering all explained significant unique variance in levels of hope and distress.
All three mattering-related instruments are suitable for assessing Chinese students' mattering, anti-mattering, and fear of not mattering and changes in levels of these mattering dimensions. Moreover, each measure represents a unique element of the mattering construct in terms of associations with levels of hope and distress assessed in during the COVID-19 pandemic.
被重视对大学生的心理健康至关重要。感觉被他人重视或觉得自己无足轻重会影响他们的整体幸福感。然而，大多数用于评估被重视程度的测量工具是在西方国家开发和测试的，在其他地区的大学生中进行评估时，对这些测量工具的评价有限。本研究使用经典测试理论和拉施分析，评估了三种与被重视相关的工具——一般被重视量表（GMS）、反被重视量表（AMS）和害怕不被重视量表（FNMI）在中国大学生中的信度和效度。
该研究包括来自中国大陆13个省份19所大学的3594名大学生，性别分布均衡，女性占47.2%，男性占52.8%。参与者年龄在18至37岁之间，平均年龄为20.02岁。大多数（78.4%）参加的是四年制课程，其余参加的是三年制课程。大多数是大一新生（54.2%），86.3%有兄弟姐妹。占主导地位的专业是工程学（43.4%），其次是科学、社会科学和文学/艺术专业，人数大致相当。
这三个量表显示出高信度和因素效度，拉施分析证实了它们的单维度性和单调性，尽管15个项目中有2个（一个GMS项目和一个FNMI项目）的拟合度较低。男性和女性受访者在项目功能上没有实质性差异。进一步分析表明，被重视、反被重视和害怕不被重视都显著解释了希望和痛苦水平的独特方差。
所有这三种与被重视相关的工具都适用于评估中国学生的被重视、反被重视和害怕不被重视情况以及这些被重视维度水平的变化。此外，就与在新冠疫情期间评估的希望和痛苦水平的关联而言，每种测量工具都代表了被重视结构的一个独特元素。
