WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
mBio. 2023 Dec 19;14(6):e0165423. doi: 10.1128/mbio.01654-23. Epub 2023 Nov 7.
Influenza virus hemagglutinin mediates infection by binding sialic acids, whereas neuraminidase cleaves sialic acids to release progeny virions. Both are targets of protective antibodies, but influenza vaccine strain selection and antigen dose are based on hemagglutinin alone. Virus characterization using first infection ferret sera indicates that escape from hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies occurs more frequently and is not coordinated with escape from neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies. A key question addressed by Daulagala et al. (P. Daulagala, B. R. Mann, K. Leung, E. H. Y. Lau, et al., mBio 14:e00084-23, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00084-23) is how this translates to humans who encounter multiple influenza viruses throughout life. Their cross-sectional study, using sera from a wide age range of participants and H1N1 viruses spanning 1977-2015, indicates that NI antibodies are more broadly cross-reactive than HI antibodies. Both HI and NI titers were highest against strains encountered in childhood indicating that both are shaped by priming exposures. The study further supports the development of NA-optimized vaccines.
流感病毒的血凝素通过与唾液酸结合介导感染，而神经氨酸酶则裂解唾液酸以释放子代病毒。两者都是保护性抗体的靶标，但流感疫苗株的选择和抗原剂量仅基于血凝素。使用首次感染雪貂的血清进行病毒特征分析表明，逃避血凝抑制（HI）抗体的现象更为频繁，且与逃避神经氨酸酶抑制（NI）抗体的现象不同步。Daulagala 等人提出的一个关键问题是，这如何转化为一生中会遇到多种流感病毒的人类。他们的横断面研究使用了来自广泛年龄组参与者的血清和跨越 1977-2015 年的 H1N1 病毒，表明 NI 抗体比 HI 抗体具有更广泛的交叉反应性。HI 和 NI 滴度针对儿童时期接触到的病毒株最高，表明两者均由初始暴露形成。该研究进一步支持了开发针对 NA 的优化疫苗。
