使用 LOPA 和模糊 LOPA 对伊玛目霍梅尼石化公司芳烃出口进行安全、健康和环境风险评估，并使用蝴蝶结方法对污染物和控制措施进行评估。

Safety, health, and environmental risk assessment of the aromatic outlet of Imam Khomeini Petrochemical Company using LOPA and fuzzy-LOPA and pollutants and control actions using the Bow-tie method.

机构信息

Department of Environmental Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran.

Department of Environmental Management-HSE, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran.

出版信息

Front Public Health. 2023 Oct 24;11:1251548. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1251548. eCollection 2023.

DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1251548

PMID:37942253

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10629340/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Today, with the development of the industry, the occurrence of accidents caused by the release and explosion of chemical and toxic substances in industrial units has increased, and these accidents sometimes cause irreparable damage to human life and the environment. According to a study by the American Petroleum Institute, of the recent major accidents in the last 30 years, 44% are related to machinery failure and 12% are caused by unknown factors and lack of information. Therefore, equipment risk control is aimed at preventing large and dangerous accident. The present study, the performance of LOPA and fuzzy-LOPA methods was compared toward the risk assessment of Imam Khomeini Petrochemical Company under certainty and uncertainty of data. This comparison was done in order to a conceptual method with high certainty to assess high-level hazards leading to health and safety risks and environmental pollution.

METHODS

First, the health, safety hazards and environmental aspects were identified via the HAZOP method. Then, a risk assessment was performed using the LOPA method. The fuzzification, severity, and likelihood of each risk were considered as an input variable and risk probability as an output variable. Finally, was the methods used in our analysis were compared and the Bow-tie software was used to draw a Bow-tie diagram to control and reduce the risks.

RESULTS

As a result, a total of 50 safety and health hazards and 37 environmental aspects were identified in the aromatic outlet of the studied company using the HAZOP method. The most critical risks identified were operational activities in feed and product tanks; flammable materials pumping; blocking the flare path; and releasing HS gas. The results showed that the production of air pollutants in the power supply unit, disposal of waste from reactor tanks, disposal of waste from condensate tanks, and fire and explosion of the reactor are high-level environmental risks.

CONCLUSION

In the conditions of uncertainty or the absence of information related to the probability and severity of the risk scenario, among the mentioned methods. The result showed that errors in the risk assessment were reduced to an acceptable extent by using Fuzzy LOPA method.

摘要

背景

如今，随着工业的发展，工业单位中化学和有毒物质的释放和爆炸事故时有发生，这些事故有时会对人类生命和环境造成不可挽回的损失。根据美国石油协会的一项研究，在过去 30 年中的最近几次重大事故中，有 44%与机械故障有关，12%是由未知因素和信息缺乏引起的。因此，设备风险控制旨在防止重大和危险事故的发生。本研究旨在比较 LOPA 和模糊 LOPA 方法在数据确定性和不确定性下对 Imam Khomeini 石化公司的风险评估中的性能。进行这种比较是为了采用一种具有高度确定性的概念方法来评估导致健康和安全风险以及环境污染的高等级危害。

方法

首先，使用 HAZOP 方法识别健康、安全危害和环境方面。然后，使用 LOPA 方法进行风险评估。模糊性、严重性和每个风险的可能性被视为输入变量，风险概率作为输出变量。最后，对所使用的方法进行了比较，并使用 Bow-tie 软件绘制了 Bow-tie 图以控制和降低风险。

结果

结果表明，使用 HAZOP 方法共识别出研究公司芳烃出口的 50 项安全和健康危害以及 37 项环境方面。确定的最关键风险是进料和产品储罐的操作活动、可燃材料泵送、堵塞火炬路径以及 HS 气体释放。结果表明，在电源单元中产生空气污染物、反应器罐废物处理、凝结水罐废物处理以及反应器的火灾和爆炸是高等级的环境风险。