The Potentials of and Other Plants from as an Antiplasmodial and Insecticidal for Malaria Vector: An Article Review.

BACKGROUND

Malaria is a life-threatening disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) used as an antimalarial treatment has reduced efficacy due to resistance, not only to the parasite but also to the vector. Therefore, it is important to find alternatives to overcome malaria cases through medicinal plants such as and other related plants within family.

PURPOSE

This review summarizes the antimalarial and insecticidal activities of and other plants belonging to family.

DATA SOURCE

Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer link.

STUDY SELECTION

Online databases were used to retrieve journals using specific keywords combined with Boolean operators. The inclusion criteria were articles with experimental studies either in vivo or in vitro, in English or Indonesian, published after 1st January 2000, and full text available for inclusion in this review.

DATA EXTRACTION

The antimalarial activity, insecticidal activity, and structure of the isolated compounds were retrieved from the selected studies.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Antimalarial in vitro study showed that the dichloromethane extract was the most widely studied with an IC50 value <10 μg/mL. Among 84 isolated active compounds, 2-hydroxymethyl-non-3-ynoic acid 2-[2,2']-bithiophenyl-5- ethyl ester, a bithienyl compound from the plant show the smallest IC50 with value 0.01 and 0.02 µg/mL in MRC-pf-2 and MRC-pf-56, respectively. In vivo studies showed that the aqueous extract of showed the best activity, with a 98.8% inhibition percentage using a 100 mg/kg dose of (NK65 Strain). (Z)- γ-Bisabolene from showed very good insecticidal activity against and with LC50 values of 2.04 μg/mL and 4.05 μg/mL.

CONCLUSION

and other plants of family are promising reservoirs of natural compounds that exert antimalarial or insecticidal activity.