Zhou Jianfeng, Teng Lai, Shen Yinyi, Jin Zhonghe
Micro-Satellite Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China.
Huanjiang Laboratory, Shaoxing 311899, China.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Oct 29;16(21):6946. doi: 10.3390/ma16216946.
With the development of microsatellite technology, the heat generated by onboard components is increasing, leading to a growing demand for improved thermal dissipation in small satellites. Metal powder additive manufacturing technology offers the possibility of customizing and miniaturizing heat pipes to meet the specific requirements of small satellites. This article introduces a small-scale heat pipe designed using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The heat pipe's material, structure, and internal working fluid were determined based on mission requirements. Subsequently, the SolidWorks 2021 software was used for heat pipe modeling, and the ANSYS 2021R2 finite element analysis software was employed to simulate the heat transfer performance of the designed heat pipe, confirming its feasibility. The heat pipe's structure was optimized using multi-objective regression analysis, considering various structural parameters, such as the channel diameter, vapor chamber height, and narrow gap width. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimized heat pipe achieved a 10.5% reduction in thermal resistance and an 11.6% increase in equivalent thermal conductivity compared to the original heat pipe. Furthermore, compared to conventional metal heat-conducting rods, the optimized heat pipe showed a 38.5% decrease in thermal resistance and a 62.19% increase in equivalent thermal conductivity. The heat pipe was then fabricated using a 3D printer (EOS M280), and a vacuum experimental system was established to investigate its heat transfer characteristics. The experimental results show that the heat pipe operated most efficiently at a heating power of 20 W, reached its maximum heat transfer capacity at 22 W, and had an optimal fill ratio of 30%. These results highlight the excellent performance of the heat pipe and the promising application prospects for SLM technology in the field of small satellites.
随着微卫星技术的发展，机载部件产生的热量不断增加，这使得小卫星对改进散热的需求日益增长。金属粉末增材制造技术为定制和小型化热管提供了可能性，以满足小卫星的特定要求。本文介绍了一种采用选择性激光熔化（SLM）技术设计的小型热管。根据任务要求确定了热管的材料、结构和内部工作流体。随后，使用SolidWorks 2021软件对热管进行建模，并采用ANSYS 2021R2有限元分析软件模拟所设计热管的传热性能，证实了其可行性。考虑通道直径、蒸汽腔高度和窄间隙宽度等各种结构参数，采用多目标回归分析对热管结构进行了优化。模拟结果表明，与原始热管相比，优化后的热管热阻降低了10.5%，等效热导率提高了11.6%。此外，与传统金属导热棒相比，优化后的热管热阻降低了38.5%，等效热导率提高了62.19%。然后使用3D打印机（EOS M280）制造了热管，并建立了真空实验系统来研究其传热特性。实验结果表明，热管在20 W的加热功率下运行效率最高，在22 W时达到最大传热能力，最佳填充率为30%。这些结果突出了热管的优异性能以及SLM技术在小卫星领域的广阔应用前景。
