Chen Kuan-Lin, Hsu Shao-Chi, Kang Shung-Wen
Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Feb 23;18(5):979. doi: 10.3390/ma18050979.
The increasing power density of high-performance electronic devices poses significant thermal management challenges. Vapor chambers (VCs) offer efficient heat dissipation, but traditional manufacturing methods limit their structural precision and performance. This study investigates the thermal performance of VCs fabricated with additive manufacturing (AM), featuring triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) Gyroid capillary structures at two fill ratios under varying thermal loads. Enhanced thermal stability and performance were observed in the higher fill ratio, particularly under higher heat loads, whereas the lower fill ratio excelled under low-heat conditions, achieving a thermal resistance as low as 0.3688 K/W at an 80 W heat load. Additionally, the research explored the advantages and challenges of horizontal and vertical printing techniques in VC fabrication. Horizontal printing was found to compromise cavity volume due to necessary support structures, whereas vertical printing enhanced mass production feasibility and maintained effective vapor circulation. This study proposes a novel approach using AM to manufacture VCs as a monolithic structure. By eliminating the need for welding, this method ensures seamless integration of the capillary structure with the housing, thereby avoiding issues related to poor contact or welding-induced damage. The study confirmed a 75% reduction in thermal resistance in VCs with capillary structures compared to those without under similar conditions, highlighting the significant potential of integrating precisely designed capillary structures and additive manufacturing in improving vapor chamber performance for advanced thermal management applications.
高性能电子设备不断提高的功率密度带来了重大的热管理挑战。汽相室（VCs）提供了高效的散热，但传统制造方法限制了它们的结构精度和性能。本研究调查了采用增材制造（AM）制造的VCs的热性能，其具有双周期最小表面（TPMS）Gyroid毛细管结构，在两种填充率下承受不同的热负荷。在较高填充率下观察到了增强的热稳定性和性能，特别是在较高热负荷下，而较低填充率在低热条件下表现出色，在80W热负荷下实现了低至0.3688K/W的热阻。此外，该研究探讨了水平和垂直打印技术在VC制造中的优点和挑战。发现水平打印由于必要的支撑结构而损害了腔体体积，而垂直打印提高了大规模生产的可行性并保持了有效的蒸汽循环。本研究提出了一种使用增材制造将VCs制造为整体结构的新方法。通过消除焊接需求，该方法确保了毛细管结构与外壳的无缝集成，从而避免了与接触不良或焊接引起的损坏相关的问题。该研究证实，在类似条件下，具有毛细管结构的VCs的热阻与没有毛细管结构的相比降低了75%，突出了将精确设计的毛细管结构与增材制造相结合在改善汽相室性能以用于先进热管理应用方面的巨大潜力。
