Santini Giorgia, Castiglia Daniela, Perrotta Maryanna Martina, Landi Simone, Maisto Giulia, Esposito Sergio
Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Oct 29;12(21):3717. doi: 10.3390/plants12213717.
In recent years, plastic pollution has become a growing environmental concern: more than 350 million tons of plastic material are produced annually. Although many efforts have been made to recycle waste, a significant proportion of these plastics contaminate and accumulate in the environment. A central point in plastic pollution is demonstrated by the evidence that plastic objects gradually and continuously split up into smaller pieces, thus producing subtle and invisible pollution caused by microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP). The small dimensions of these particles allow for the diffusion of these contaminants in farmlands, forest, freshwater, and oceans worldwide, posing serious menaces to human, animal, and plant health. The uptake of MPs and NPs into plant cells seriously affects plant growth, development, and photosynthesis, finally limiting crop yields and endangering natural environmental biodiversity. Furthermore, nano- and microplastics-once adsorbed by plants-can easily enter the food chain, being highly toxic to animals and humans. This review addresses the impacts of MP and NP particles on plants in the terrestrial environment. In particular, we provide an overview here of the detrimental effects of photosynthetic injuries, oxidative stress, ROS production, and protein damage triggered by MN and NP in higher plants and, more specifically, in crops. The possible damage at the physiological and environmental levels is discussed.
近年来，塑料污染已成为一个日益严重的环境问题：每年生产的塑料材料超过3.5亿吨。尽管人们已做出诸多努力来回收废物，但这些塑料中有很大一部分仍在环境中造成污染并不断累积。塑料污染的一个核心问题体现在，有证据表明塑料制品会逐渐持续分解成更小的碎片，从而产生由微塑料（MP）和纳米塑料（NP）造成的细微且不可见的污染。这些颗粒尺寸微小，使得这些污染物能够在全球范围内的农田、森林、淡水和海洋中扩散，对人类、动物和植物健康构成严重威胁。微塑料和纳米塑料被植物细胞吸收会严重影响植物的生长、发育和光合作用，最终限制作物产量并危及自然环境生物多样性。此外，纳米塑料和微塑料一旦被植物吸附，就很容易进入食物链，对动物和人类具有高毒性。本综述阐述了微塑料和纳米塑料颗粒对陆地环境中植物的影响。特别是，我们在此概述了微塑料和纳米塑料在高等植物尤其是作物中引发的光合损伤、氧化应激、活性氧产生和蛋白质损伤的有害影响。还讨论了在生理和环境层面可能造成的损害。
