Majid Valizadeh, MD, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail address:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2023;27(10):842-852. doi: 10.1007/s12603-023-1986-x.
Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of sarcopenic obesity, making it a critical focus for preventing and treating this condition. However, the specific dietary components that effectively combat sarcopenic obesity remain poorly understood. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the potential nutritional and dietary factors that may play a role in the development of sarcopenic obesity in the elderly population.
To identify relevant studies investigating the association/effects of dietary pattern/single foods/nutrients or supplements with sarcopenic obesity-related outcomes, a comprehensive literature search was conducted until April 2023. The search encompassed multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Two researchers performed rigorous assessments that included screening titles and abstracts, reviewing full-text studies, extracting data, and evaluating the quality of the studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for observational studies, while the Jadad-Oxford Scale was employed for clinical trials.
Twenty-three studies (14 observational studies and 9 trials) with 37078 participants, published between 2012 and 2022, were eligible for the systematic review. Of the 14 observational articles, two focused on dietary patterns and 12 on food/calorie/macro- and micronutrient intake. The nutritional interventions included the intake of supplements (i.e., protein, amino acids, tea catechin, and vitamin D) and dietary management (calorie restriction, very low-calorie ketogenic diet, and high-protein diet). Appropriate dietary factors, such as appropriate intake of calories, macronutrients, micronutrients, antioxidant nutrients, vegetables, fruits, and overall dietary quality, have been shown to be effective in preventing and treating sarcopenic obesity-related parameters. A combined approach of hypocaloric diet and high protein intake may be necessary for managing both obesity and sarcopenia in older individuals.
Studies suggest that dietary factors, such as overall dietary quality, appropriate intake of calories and protein, consumption of antioxidant nutrients, vegetables, fruits, and protein, may be linked to sarcopenic obesity.
营养在肌少症性肥胖的发生和发展中起着关键作用，因此成为预防和治疗这种疾病的重点。然而，有效的对抗肌少症性肥胖的具体饮食成分仍知之甚少。本系统评价的目的是研究可能在老年人群中导致肌少症性肥胖的营养和饮食因素。
为了确定研究饮食模式/单一食物/营养素或补充剂与肌少症性肥胖相关结局之间关联/影响的相关研究，我们进行了全面的文献检索，检索截止日期为 2023 年 4 月。检索涵盖了多个数据库，包括 PubMed、Scopus、EMBASE 和 Google Scholar。两名研究人员进行了严格的评估，包括筛选标题和摘要、查看全文研究、提取数据和评估研究质量。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估观察性研究，使用杰达德-牛津量表评估临床试验。
共有 23 项研究（14 项观察性研究和 9 项试验）纳入了 37078 名参与者，发表时间在 2012 年至 2022 年之间，符合系统评价的标准。在 14 篇观察性文章中，有 2 篇关注饮食模式，12 篇关注食物/热量/宏量和微量营养素的摄入。营养干预措施包括补充剂（即蛋白质、氨基酸、茶儿茶素和维生素 D）和饮食管理（热量限制、极低热量生酮饮食和高蛋白饮食）。适当的饮食因素，如适当的热量、宏量营养素、微量营养素、抗氧化营养素、蔬菜、水果和整体饮食质量的摄入，已被证明对预防和治疗肌少症性肥胖相关参数有效。对于老年个体，可能需要联合低热量饮食和高蛋白摄入来管理肥胖和肌少症。
研究表明，饮食因素，如整体饮食质量、适当的热量和蛋白质摄入、抗氧化营养素、蔬菜、水果和蛋白质的摄入，可能与肌少症性肥胖有关。
