From the Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
Cancer J. 2023;29(6):287-292. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000680.
The United States has seen a 33% decline in age-adjusted cancer mortality since 1991. Despite this achievement, the United States has some of the greatest health disparities of any developed nation. US government policies are increasingly directed toward reducing health disparities and promoting health equity. These policies govern the conduct of research, cancer prevention, access, and payment for care. Although implementation of policies has played a significant role in the successes of cancer control, inconsistent implementation of policy has resulted in divergent outcomes; poorly designed or inadequately implemented policies have hindered progress in reducing cancer death rates and, in certain cases, exacerbated existing disparities. Examining policies affecting cancer control in the United States and realizing their unintended consequences are crucial in addressing cancer inequities.
自 1991 年以来，美国的年龄调整后癌症死亡率下降了 33%。尽管取得了这一成就，但美国仍是任何发达国家中健康差距最大的国家之一。美国政府的政策越来越多地针对减少健康差距和促进健康公平。这些政策规范了研究、癌症预防、获得和支付护理的行为。尽管政策的实施在癌症控制的成功中发挥了重要作用，但政策实施的不一致导致了不同的结果；设计不佳或执行不力的政策阻碍了降低癌症死亡率的进展，在某些情况下，还加剧了现有的差距。检查影响美国癌症控制的政策并认识到其意外后果，对于解决癌症不公平问题至关重要。
