Department of Neurology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Neurology, Privat Praxis Villa Pfahler, St. Ingbert, Germany.
Ultraschall Med. 2024 Feb;45(1):14-35. doi: 10.1055/a-2158-9629. Epub 2023 Nov 14.
Ultrasonography of the brain-supplying arteries is a non-invasive and highly efficient technique for the assessment of a stenosis or a vessel occlusion in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. This article reviews the examination technique for a standardized ultrasound assessment of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries. It further describes the multiparametric grading criteria of internal carotid artery stenosis and it gives recommendations for a standardised documentation of findings. Additionally, it proposes recommendations for intima-media thickness measurement and for classifying atherosclerotic plaques with B-mode ultrasonography. Moreover, criteria for the diagnosis of in-stent stenoses, vertebral artery dissections and subclavian steal syndrome are provided.
脑供血动脉的超声检查是一种非侵入性的、高效的技术，用于评估脑血管疾病患者的狭窄或血管闭塞。本文回顾了颅外颈动脉和椎动脉标准化超声评估的检查技术。它进一步描述了颈内动脉狭窄的多参数分级标准，并为标准化记录结果提出了建议。此外，它还提出了关于内膜中层厚度测量和使用 B 型超声对动脉粥样硬化斑块进行分类的建议。此外，还提供了支架内狭窄、椎动脉夹层和锁骨下窃血综合征的诊断标准。
