School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China.
School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
J Control Release. 2024 Jan;365:236-258. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.012. Epub 2023 Nov 24.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, serious, and incurable disease characterized by high lung pressure. PAH-approved drugs based on conventional pathways are still not exhibiting favorable therapeutic outcomes. Drawbacks like short half-lives, toxicity, and teratogenicity hamper effectiveness, clinical conventionality, and long-term safety. Hence, approaches like repurposing drugs targeting various and new pharmacological cascades and/or loaded in non-toxic/efficient nanocarrier systems are being investigated lately. This review summarizes the status of conventional, repurposed, either in vitro, in vivo, and/or in clinical trials of PAH treatment. In-depth description, discussion, and classification of the new pharmacological targets and nanomedicine strategies with a description of all the nanocarriers that showed promising efficiency in delivering drugs are discussed. Ultimately, an illustration of the different nucleic acids tailored and nanoencapsulated within different types of nanocarriers to restore the pathways affected by this disease is presented.
肺动脉高压（PAH）是一种罕见的、严重的、无法治愈的疾病，其特征是肺部压力高。基于传统途径的 PAH 批准药物仍未显示出良好的治疗效果。半衰期短、毒性和致畸性等缺点影响了药物的有效性、临床常规性和长期安全性。因此，最近正在研究针对各种新的药理级联反应的药物再利用方法和/或负载在无毒/有效的纳米载体系统中。本综述总结了 PAH 治疗的传统、再利用药物的现状，无论是在体外、体内还是临床试验中。深入描述、讨论和分类新的药理靶点和纳米医学策略，并描述了所有显示出在药物传递方面有前景的纳米载体。最终，展示了不同类型的纳米载体中定制和纳米封装的不同核酸，以恢复受这种疾病影响的途径。
