Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
Chemosphere. 2024 Feb;349:140721. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140721. Epub 2023 Nov 15.
Using magnesium-biochar composites (Mg-BC) in adsorption allows for the efficient and economically relevant removal of phosphate (PO) from water and wastewater. Applying Mg-BC for pollutant removal requires evaluating the adsorption capacity of composites and their ecotoxicological properties. Investigating the composite aging during the application of these composites into the soil is also essential. In the present study, nonaged and aged (at 60 or 90 °C) Mg-BC composites were investigated in the context of pyrolysis temperature (500 or 700 °C). All analyzed biochars were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and surface area. The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (bioavailable C and organic solvent-extractable C), heavy metals (HMs), and environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) were determined. Ecotoxicity was evaluated using tests with Folsomia candida and Allivibrio fischeri. The dependence of adsorption on pyrolysis temperature and composite aging time was observed. Changes in physicochemical properties occurring as a result of aging reduced the adsorption of PO on Mg-BC composites. It was found that nonaged Mg-BC700 was more effective (9.55 mg g ) in the adsorption of PO than Mg-BC500 (5.75 mg g). The adsorption capacities of aged composites were from 21 to 61% lower than those of the nonaged composites. Due to aging, the content of C PAHs increased by 3-5 times depending on the pyrolysis temperature. However, aging reduced the C PAHs in all composites from 24 to 35% depending on the pyrolysis temperature. Ecotoxicological evaluation of Mg-BC composites showed increased toxicity after aging to both organisms. The use of aged BC potentially increases the contaminant content and toxicity of Mg-BC composites.
使用镁生物炭复合材料（Mg-BC）进行吸附，可以有效地去除水中和废水中的磷酸盐（PO）。应用 Mg-BC 去除污染物需要评估复合材料的吸附能力及其生态毒理学特性。研究这些复合材料在土壤中的应用过程中复合材料的老化情况也是至关重要的。在本研究中，研究了非老化和老化（在 60 或 90°C 下）的 Mg-BC 复合材料，研究内容涉及热解温度（500 或 700°C）。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X 射线粉末衍射、X 射线光电子能谱、拉曼光谱和表面积对所有分析的生物炭进行了研究。测定了多环芳烃（PAHs）（生物可利用的 C 和有机溶剂提取的 C）、重金属（HM）和环境持久性自由基（EPFRs）的含量。使用 Folsomia candida 和 Allivibrio fischeri 进行了毒性测试来评估毒性。观察到吸附对热解温度和复合材料老化时间的依赖性。由于老化导致的物理化学性质的变化降低了 PO 在 Mg-BC 复合材料上的吸附。结果表明，非老化的 Mg-BC700 在 PO 的吸附方面比 Mg-BC500（5.75 mg g）更有效（9.55 mg g）。老化复合材料的吸附能力比非老化复合材料低 21%至 61%。由于老化，取决于热解温度，C-PAHs 的含量增加了 3-5 倍。然而，取决于热解温度，老化降低了所有复合材料中 C-PAHs 的含量，从 24%到 35%不等。Mg-BC 复合材料的生态毒理学评价表明，两种生物在老化后毒性增加。老化后的 BC 的使用可能会增加 Mg-BC 复合材料的污染物含量和毒性。
