Wang Qiu-Shi, Hua Gui-Li, Li Xiang-Yu, Feng Liu-Xu, Sui Kang-Xin, Geng Li-Ping, Xue Pei-Ying, Liu Wen-Ju
State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment of Farmland in Hebei, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Nov 8;44(11):6328-6338. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202212047.
To investigate the effects of leaves and stems on the accumulation and transport of cadmium(Cd) and arsenic(As) in wheat shoots after flowering, a field experiment was conducted in a typical Cd and As co-contaminated agricultural land to explore the distribution and translocation of Cd and As in the different parts of two wheat cultivars after flowering. The results showed that Cd was mainly distributed in the nodes of two varieties, and the translocation factors of Cd from internode 3 to node 2, from internode 2 to node 1, and from sheath 1 to node 1 were markedly higher than those of other aboveground parts during the grain-filling stage. However, Cd was mainly distributed in the leaves, and the translocation factors of Cd from sheath to leaf and from node 1 to rachis was significantly higher than those of other parts at the mature stage. In addition, the transport capacity of Cd from glume to rachis and from rachis to grain in JM22 was significantly lower than that in SN28, which significantly reduced Cd concentrations in the rachis, glume, and grain of JM22 by 22.3%, 40.8%, and 44.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, As was mainly distributed in the wheat leaves from the grain-filling stage to the mature stage, and As concentrations in the glume and grain of JM22 were 25.8% and 33.3% lower than those of SN28, respectively. Additionally, the translocation factors of As from the sheath to the node were significantly 438% and 190% higher than that from leaf to sheath and from node to internode during the whole grain filling stage and mature stage. Moreover, the translocation factors of As from glumes to grains and from rachis to grains in JM22 were 40.6% and 44.4% lower than that in SN28, respectively. In summary, flag leaf, node 1, and the rachis had regulated Cd transport and accumulation in wheat grains, whereas leaf 3, flag leaf, node 1, the glumes, and the rachis were mainly responsible for As transport and accumulation in wheat grains.
为研究花后小麦地上部茎叶对镉（Cd）和砷（As）积累与转运的影响，在典型镉砷复合污染农田开展田间试验，探究花后两个小麦品种不同部位镉和砷的分布及转运情况。结果表明，灌浆期Cd主要分布在两个品种的节中，Cd从倒3节向倒2节、从倒2节向倒1节、从叶鞘1向倒1节的转运系数显著高于其他地上部；成熟期Cd主要分布在叶片中，Cd从叶鞘向叶片、从倒1节向穗轴的转运系数显著高于其他部位。此外，JM22中Cd从颖壳向穗轴、从穗轴向籽粒的转运能力显著低于SN28，这使得JM22穗轴、颖壳和籽粒中的Cd浓度分别显著降低了22.3%、40.8%和44.4%。同时，灌浆期至成熟期As主要分布在小麦叶片中，JM22颖壳和籽粒中的As浓度分别比SN28低25.8%和33.3%。另外，在整个灌浆期和成熟期，As从叶鞘向节的转运系数分别比从叶片向叶鞘、从节向节间的转运系数显著高438%和190%。而且，JM22中As从颖壳向籽粒、从穗轴向籽粒的转运系数分别比SN28低40.6%和44.4%。综上所述，旗叶、倒1节和穗轴对小麦籽粒中Cd的转运和积累具有调控作用，而倒3叶、旗叶、倒1节、颖壳和穗轴主要负责小麦籽粒中As的转运和积累。
