Molecular-iodine catalyzed selective construction of cyclopenta[]indoles from indoles and acetone: a green gateway to indole-fused cycles.

Molecular-iodine catalyzed access to an important class of bio-relevant indole derivatives, cyclopenta[]indoles, has been achieved a cascade addition/intramolecular cyclization reaction of indoles and acetone. Explorations of diverse substitution patterns revealed an essential substrate-control in the reaction. The high-density electronic core of indole is pivotal in favouring the formation of indolyl-cyclopenta[]indole derivatives; in contrast, the electron deficiency of the core hindered the cyclization process, directing the formation of bis(indolyl)propanes. Investigations on the mechanistic pathway revealed that bis(indolyl)alkanes were the intermediates for the addition-cyclization process. This simple experimental method provides sustainable synthetic access to cyclopentannulated indoles.