Grupo de Ecologia Experimental Marinha, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade s/n - Anchieta, CEP: 09606-045, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
4D Printing and Biomimetics (4DB) Research Group, Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001 - Bairro Bangu, CEP: 09280-560, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
Mar Environ Res. 2024 Jan;193:106255. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106255. Epub 2023 Nov 10.
Coastal infrastructure replaces complex and heterogeneous natural habitats with flat, two-dimensional concrete walls, reducing refuges against predation, which modifies the composition and identity of the dominant species in sessile communities. This modification in the community structure can also change the reproductive propagules available in plankton, affecting the recruitment dynamics in communities from natural habitats nearby. Here, we tested the combined effects of the habitat type (simple vs. complex with holes) and predation on the diversity, larval production, and structure of sessile communities from a recreational marina. Complex substrates showed a larger biomass and a greater abundance of solitary organisms, mainly ascidians and bivalves, that benefited from refuges. Barnacles and calcified encrusting bryozoans dominated simple, flat substrates. The difference in dominance affected the pool of larvae produced by the communities. After eight months, communities growing on flat substrates produced more barnacle larvae than those from complex substrates, where larvae of ascidians were more abundant. However, this difference disappeared after 18 months of community development. The difference in the pool of larvae between simple and complex substrates did not affect the structure of the community on flat substrates nearby, which was determined by the predation regime. In the studied region, communities in artificial environments are under intense predation control, suppressing eventual recruitment differences in communities developing in flat substrates. Large interventions that modify habitat topography, creating refuges in the subtidal zone, can change the dynamic of the sessile communities in artificial habitats and, consequently, the larval supply in the vicinities. However, differences in larval supply will only translate in distinct sessile communities when the scale of intervention encompasses large areas, and other processes do not buffer the differences in recruitment.
沿海基础设施用平坦的二维混凝土墙取代了复杂多样的自然生境，减少了免受捕食的避难所，从而改变了固着群落中的优势物种的组成和特征。这种群落结构的改变也会改变浮游生物中可用的繁殖体，从而影响附近自然生境群落的补充动态。在这里，我们测试了生境类型（有孔的复杂与无孔的简单）和捕食对娱乐码头固着群落的多样性、幼虫产量和结构的综合影响。复杂的基质表现出更大的生物量和更多的独居生物，主要是海鞘和双壳类动物，它们受益于避难所。藤壶和钙化的丛生苔藓动物则占据了简单的、平坦的基质。优势生物的差异影响了群落产生的幼虫数量。八个月后，在平坦基质上生长的群落产生的藤壶幼虫比在复杂基质上生长的群落多，而复杂基质上的海鞘幼虫更为丰富。然而，18 个月后，这种差异消失了。简单和复杂基质之间幼虫数量的差异并没有影响附近平坦基质上群落的结构，这是由捕食作用决定的。在研究区域，人工环境中的群落受到强烈的捕食控制，抑制了在平坦基质上发育的群落的最终补充差异。大规模的干预措施改变了生境地形，在潮下带创造了避难所，可以改变人工生境中固着群落的动态，从而改变附近地区的幼虫供应。然而，只有当干预的规模涵盖了大面积的区域，并且其他过程没有缓冲补充的差异时，幼虫供应的差异才会导致明显不同的固着群落。
