Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Dec;268:115695. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115695. Epub 2023 Nov 16.
Widespread use of spray-type consumer products can raise significant concerns regarding their effects on indoor air quality and human health. In this study, we conducted non-target screening using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze VOCs in 48 different spray-type consumer products. Using this approach, we tentatively identified a total of 254 VOCs from the spray-type products. Notably, more VOCs were detected in propellant-type products which are mostly solvent-based than in trigger-type ones which are mostly water-based. The VOCs identified encompass various chemical classes including alkanes, cycloalkanes, monoterpenoids, carboxylic acid derivatives, and carbonyl compounds, some of which arouse concerns due to their potential health effects. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are frequently detected in propellant-type products, whereas perfumed monoterpenoids are ubiquitous across all product categories. Among the identified VOCs, 12 compounds were classified into high-risk groups according to detection frequency and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and their concentrations were confirmed using reference standards. Among the identified VOCs, D-limonene was the most frequently detected compound (freq. 21/48), with the highest concentration of 1.80 mg/g. The risk assessment was performed to evaluate the potential health risks associated with exposure to these VOCs. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with the assessed VOC compounds were relatively low. However, it is important not to overlook the risk faced by occupational exposure to these VOCs, and the risk from simultaneous exposure to various VOCs contained in the products. This study serves as a valuable resource for the identification of unknown compounds in the consumer products, facilitating the evaluation of potential health risks to consumers.
喷雾型消费品的广泛使用引发了人们对其对室内空气质量和人类健康影响的关注。在这项研究中，我们使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对 48 种不同喷雾型消费品中的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）进行了非靶向筛选。通过这种方法，我们从喷雾型产品中暂定鉴定出 254 种 VOC。值得注意的是，推进剂型产品（主要为溶剂型）中检测到的 VOC 比触发型产品（主要为水基型）更多。鉴定出的 VOC 涵盖了各种化学类别，包括烷烃、环烷烃、单萜类化合物、羧酸衍生物和羰基化合物，其中一些由于其潜在的健康影响而引起关注。烷烃和环烷烃在推进剂型产品中经常被检测到，而芳香族单萜类化合物则在所有产品类别中都普遍存在。在所鉴定的 VOC 中，根据检测频率和信噪比（S/N）比，有 12 种化合物被归类为高风险组，并用参考标准确认了它们的浓度。在所鉴定的 VOC 中，D-柠檬烯是最常被检测到的化合物（21/48），其浓度最高，为 1.80mg/g。进行风险评估是为了评估接触这些 VOC 可能带来的健康风险。评估的 VOC 化合物的非致癌和致癌风险相对较低。然而，不应忽视职业接触这些 VOC 以及同时接触产品中所含各种 VOC 带来的风险。这项研究为识别消费品中的未知化合物提供了有价值的资源，有助于评估消费者面临的潜在健康风险。
