Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Nov 15;267:115663. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115663.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that have been widely utilized in various industries since the 1940s, and have now emerged as environmental contaminants. In recent years, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been restricted and replaced with several alternatives. The high persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of these substances have contributed to their emergence as environmental contaminants, and several aspects of their behavior remain largely unknown and require further investigation. The trace level of PFAS makes the development of a monitoring database challenging. Additionally, the potential health issues associated with PFAS are not yet fully understood due to ongoing research and inadequate evidence (experimental and epidemiological studies), especially with regard to the combined effects of exposure to PFAS mixtures and human health risks from drinking water consumption. This in-depth review offers unprecedented insights into the exposure pathways and toxicological impacts of PFAS, addressing critical knowledge gaps in their behaviors and health implications. It presents a comprehensive NABC-Needs, Approach, Benefits, and Challenges-analysis to guide future strategies for the sustainable monitoring and management of these pervasive environmental contaminants.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是自 20 世纪 40 年代以来广泛应用于各个行业的合成化学品，现已成为环境污染物。近年来，已对全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）加以限制，并已用几种替代品加以取代。这些物质具有高度持久性、生物累积性和毒性，因此成为环境污染物，其行为的几个方面在很大程度上仍不为人知，需要进一步研究。PFAS 的痕量水平使得开发监测数据库具有挑战性。此外，由于正在进行研究和证据不足（实验和流行病学研究），与 PFAS 混合物暴露相关的潜在健康问题尚未得到充分理解，特别是在接触 PFAS 混合物和饮用水消费对人类健康风险的综合影响方面。本深入综述前所未有地揭示了 PFAS 的暴露途径和毒理学影响，填补了其行为和健康影响方面的关键知识空白。它提出了一个全面的 NABC-需求、方法、效益和挑战分析，以指导未来可持续监测和管理这些普遍存在的环境污染物的策略。
