Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, USA.
Addict Behav. 2024 Feb;149:107905. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107905. Epub 2023 Nov 4.
People with disabilities disproportionately use tobacco products. However, little is known about cessation interventions tailored for people with disabilities. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of smoking cessation interventions for adults with disabilities.
Six electronic databases (Cochrane, CINAHL Plus [EBSCOhost], Embase [Ovid], Medline [Ovid], PsycINFO [Ovid], and Web of Science) were searched to identify eligible interventions for people with disabilities (e.g., vision, hearing, mobility, communication, cognition, self-care) through July 2023. Two independent coders evaluated the records and extracted data from studies that met inclusion criteria. Qualitative synthesis was conducted on the included studies in 2023.
One randomized controlled trial and one nonrandomized study met the inclusion criteria. Both studies used mindfulness-based procedures to reduce cigarette use in adults with mild intellectual disability. The outcome was defined as self-reported cigarette use at follow-up, which ranged from 1 year to 3 years. Limited information was provided on how the interventions were tailored to meet the unique needs of people with disabilities in either study.
Two interventions conducted in adults with mild intellectual disability showed promising results using mindfulness-based procedures; however, the studies did not address barriers reported by people with disabilities, nor tailor the interventions to meet the needs of the target population. Research is needed to address tobacco use disparities among people with a range of disabilities. Current cessation interventions would be enhanced by integrating disability identifiers alongside other demographic information in future studies and reporting subgroup analyses in adults with disabilities.
残疾人过度使用烟草制品。然而，针对残疾人群体的戒烟干预措施却鲜为人知。本研究的目的是对针对残疾成年人的戒烟干预措施进行系统综述。
通过 2023 年 7 月前在 Cochrane、CINAHL Plus（EBSCOhost）、Embase（Ovid）、Medline（Ovid）、PsycINFO（Ovid）和 Web of Science 这六个电子数据库中搜索，确定针对残疾人（如视力、听力、行动能力、沟通、认知、自理能力）的合格干预措施。两名独立编码员评估记录，并从符合纳入标准的研究中提取数据。2023 年对纳入的研究进行定性综合。
一项随机对照试验和一项非随机研究符合纳入标准。两项研究均使用基于正念的程序来减少轻度智力残疾成年人的香烟使用量。结果定义为随访时的自我报告香烟使用情况，范围从 1 年到 3 年。在这两项研究中，均未提供有关干预措施如何针对残疾人群体的独特需求进行调整的详细信息。
两项在轻度智力残疾成年人中进行的干预措施显示出基于正念的程序具有很大的潜力；然而，这些研究并没有解决残疾人士所报告的障碍，也没有调整干预措施以满足目标人群的需求。需要针对各种残疾人群体开展研究，以解决烟草使用方面的差异问题。在未来的研究中，通过将残疾标识符与其他人口统计学信息一起纳入，并报告残疾成年人的亚组分析，可以增强当前的戒烟干预措施。
