Progressive Sustainable Developers Nepal (PSD-Nepal), Kathmandu, Nepal.
Institute of Geography & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Nov 18;195(12):1490. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-12093-w.
The exposure of farmers to pesticides due to inadequate safety measures is a concern in low-income countries in Africa and Asia. However, until now, there have been limited studies on the farmers' risk due to pesticide application to fruit crops. The knowledge of farmers' exposure related to pesticide use and their safety practices was studied among 100 banana farmers in three areas (Padampur, Jagatpur, and Thimura) of Chitwan district, Nepal. More than 75% of the farmers complained about problems related to insects. Most frequently used insecticides in the area were chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin. Ten percent (10%) of the applied pesticides were highly hazardous to humans, according to the World Health Organization hazard category, with skin rash being the most common acute symptom reported by 29% of the farmers. Banned organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides, such as endosulfan and triazophos, respectively, are still being used by farmers in the aforementioned areas. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed the lack of knowledge and safety practices among farmers leading to inadequate awareness related to the negative effects of pesticide use on human health and the environment. Therefore, government extension service can play a crucial role in improving banana farmers' knowledge of the toxic effects of pesticides as well as enforcing the Nepali language in the labeling of pesticide containers and packages.
由于安全措施不足，农民接触农药是非洲和亚洲低收入国家的一个关注点。然而，迄今为止，关于农民因应用农药于水果作物而面临的风险的研究还很有限。在尼泊尔奇特旺地区的三个地区（Padampur、Jagatpur 和 Thimura），对 100 名香蕉种植户进行了与农药使用相关的暴露和安全实践方面的农民风险知识研究。超过 75%的农民抱怨与昆虫有关的问题。该地区最常使用的杀虫剂是氯吡硫磷和氯菊酯。根据世界卫生组织的危害类别，10%的施用药剂对人类具有高度危害性，有 29%的农民报告出现了最常见的急性症状皮疹。在上述地区，仍有农民在使用禁用的有机氯和有机磷杀虫剂，分别为硫丹和三唑磷。斯皮尔曼相关性分析表明，农民缺乏知识和安全实践，导致他们对农药使用对人类健康和环境的负面影响认识不足。因此，政府推广服务可以在提高香蕉种植户对农药毒性影响的认识方面发挥关键作用，并在农药容器和包装的标签上强制使用尼泊尔语。
