Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
Poult Sci. 2024 Jan;103(1):103217. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103217. Epub 2023 Oct 19.
The concept of competitive exclusion is well established in poultry and different products are used to suppress the multiplication of enteric pathogens in the chicken intestinal tract. While the effect has been repeatedly confirmed, the specific principles of competitive exclusion are less clear. The aim of the study was to compare metabolites in the cecal digesta of differently colonized chickens. Metabolites in the cecal contents of chickens treated with a commercial competitive exclusion product or with an experimental product consisting of 23 gut anaerobes or in control untreated chickens were determined by mass spectrometry. Extensive differences in metabolite composition among the digesta of all 3 groups of chickens were recorded. Out of 1,706 detected compounds, 495 and 279 were differently abundant in the chicks treated with a commercial or experimental competitive exclusion product in comparison to the control group, respectively. Soyasaponins, betaine, carnitine, glutamate, tyramine, phenylacetaldehyde, or 3-methyladenine were more abundant in the digesta of control chicks while 4-oxododecanedioic acid, nucleotides, dipeptides, amino acids (except for glutamate), and vitamins were enriched in the digesta of chickens colonized by competitive exclusion products. Metabolites enriched in the digesta of control chicks can be classified as of plant feed origin released in the digesta by degradative activities of the chicken. Some of these molecules disappeared from the digesta of chicks colonized by complex microbiota due to them being metabolized. Instead, nucleotides, amino acids, and vitamins increased in the digesta of colonized chicks as a consequence of the additional digestive potential brought to the cecum by microbiota from competitive exclusion products. It is therefore possible to affect metabolite profiles in the chicken cecum by its colonization with selected bacterial species.
竞争排斥的概念在禽类中已经得到很好的确立，并且使用不同的产品来抑制肠道病原体在鸡肠道中的繁殖。虽然这种效果已经反复得到证实，但竞争排斥的具体原理尚不清楚。本研究的目的是比较不同定植鸡的盲肠内容物中的代谢物。通过质谱法测定用商业竞争排斥产品或由 23 种肠道厌氧菌组成的实验产品处理的鸡的盲肠内容物中的代谢物，以及未经处理的对照鸡的盲肠内容物中的代谢物。记录了所有 3 组鸡的盲肠内容物中代谢物组成的广泛差异。在检测到的 1706 种化合物中，与对照组相比，用商业或实验性竞争排斥产品处理的雏鸡的盲肠内容物中分别有 495 种和 279 种化合物的丰度不同。在对照组雏鸡的盲肠内容物中，大豆皂甙、甜菜碱、肉碱、谷氨酸、酪胺、苯乙醛或 3-甲基腺嘌呤含量较高，而 4-氧十二烷二酸、核苷酸、二肽、氨基酸（除谷氨酸外）和维生素在竞争排斥产品定植的鸡的盲肠内容物中富集。在对照组雏鸡盲肠内容物中富集的代谢物可归类为植物饲料来源的代谢物，这些代谢物在鸡的消化道中通过降解活性释放出来。由于被复杂的微生物群落代谢，这些分子从定植鸡的盲肠内容物中消失。相反，由于来自竞争排斥产品的微生物群为盲肠带来了额外的消化潜力，因此，定植鸡的盲肠内容物中的核苷酸、氨基酸和维生素增加。因此，可以通过选择定植在鸡盲肠中的细菌种类来影响盲肠中的代谢物谱。
