He Xin, Zhang Kai, Zhu Zhiqiang, Tong Zhangfa, Liang Xiao
State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2024 Jan 2;53(1):9-24. doi: 10.1039/d3cs00495c.
Lithium metal anodes are an appealing choice for rechargeable batteries due to their exceptionally high theoretical capacity of about 3860 mA h g. However, the uneven plating/stripping of lithium metal anodes leads to serious dendrite growth and low coulombic efficiency, curtailing their practical applications. The 3D scaffold/host strategy emerges as a promising approach that concurrently mitigates volume changes and dendrite growth. This review provides an overview of the regulating mechanisms behind scaffold/host materials for dendrite-free applications, tracing their historical development and recent progress across five key stages: material texture selection, lithiophilic modification, structural design, multi-strategy integration, and practical implementation. Additionally, scaffold/host materials are categorized based on their material texture, with a thorough examination of their respective advantages and drawbacks. Furthermore, this tutorial outlines the obstacles and complexities associated with implementing scaffold/host strategies. Finally, the determining factors that affect the electrochemical performances of scaffold/host materials are discussed, along with possible design criteria and future development prospects. This tutorial aims to provide guidance for researchers on the design of advanced scaffold/host materials for advanced Li metal anodes for batteries.
锂金属负极是可充电电池的一个有吸引力的选择，因为其理论容量极高，约为3860 mA h g。然而，锂金属负极的不均匀镀锂/脱锂会导致严重的枝晶生长和低库仑效率，限制了它们的实际应用。三维支架/主体策略作为一种有前景的方法出现，它能同时减轻体积变化和枝晶生长。本文综述了用于无枝晶应用的支架/主体材料背后的调控机制，追溯了它们在五个关键阶段的历史发展和最新进展：材料纹理选择、亲锂修饰、结构设计、多策略整合和实际应用。此外，根据材料纹理对支架/主体材料进行了分类，并深入研究了它们各自的优缺点。此外，本教程概述了实施支架/主体策略所涉及的障碍和复杂性。最后，讨论了影响支架/主体材料电化学性能的决定因素，以及可能的设计标准和未来发展前景。本教程旨在为研究人员设计用于先进锂电池的锂金属负极的先进支架/主体材料提供指导。
