Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2024;285:665-688. doi: 10.1007/164_2023_701.
Distress, or negative stress, is known to considerably increase the incidence of several diseases, including cancer. There is indeed evidence from pre-clinical models that distress causes a catecholaminergic overdrive that, mainly through the activation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs), results in cancer cell growth and cancer progression. In addition, clinical studies have evidenced a role of negative stress in cancer progression. Moreover, plenty of data demonstrates that β-blockers have positive effects in reducing the pro-tumorigenic activity of catecholamines, correlating with better outcomes in some type of cancers as evidenced by several clinical trials. Among β-ARs, β2-AR seems to be the main β-AR subtype involved in tumor development and progression. However, there are data indicating that also β1-AR and β3-AR may be involved in certain tumors. In this chapter, we will review current knowledge on the role of the three β-AR isoforms in carcinogenesis as well as in cancer growth and progression, with particular emphasis on recent studies that are opening new avenues in the use of β-ARs as therapeutic targets in treating tumors.
痛苦，或负性压力，已被证实会显著增加多种疾病的发病率，包括癌症。事实上，临床前模型的证据表明，痛苦会导致儿茶酚胺能过度驱动，主要通过β-肾上腺素能受体（β-ARs）的激活，导致癌细胞生长和癌症进展。此外，临床研究已经证明了负性压力在癌症进展中的作用。此外，大量数据表明，β受体阻滞剂在减少儿茶酚胺的促肿瘤生成活性方面具有积极作用，与一些类型癌症的更好结果相关，这在几项临床试验中得到了证实。在β-ARs 中，β2-AR 似乎是涉及肿瘤发生和发展的主要β-AR 亚型。然而，有数据表明，β1-AR 和 β3-AR 也可能参与某些肿瘤。在这一章中，我们将回顾三种β-AR 亚型在致癌作用以及肿瘤生长和进展中的作用的现有知识，特别强调了最近的研究，这些研究为将β-AR 作为治疗肿瘤的治疗靶点开辟了新的途径。
