DOTA functionalized adsorbent DOTA@Sludge@Chitosan derived from recycled shrimp shells and sludge and its application for lead and chromium removal from water.

DOTA@Sludge@Chitosan was synthesized by a facile treatment using DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N,N'-tetraacetic acid) to modify dry sludge and chitosan in an acidic solution. The performance of developed DOTA@Sludge@Chitosan was investigated for the adsorptive removal of Cr and Pb from water. Characterization studies showed that the materials possess a large surface area (52.009 m/g), pore volume (0.069 cm/g), and abundant functional groups of amino and hydroxyl. The prepared material showed a synergetic effect due to carboxylic acid and sludge, effectively removing Cr and Pb. It reached 329.4 mg/g (Pb) and 273.3 mg/g (Cr) at 20 °C, much higher than commercial activated carbon. The regeneration of the adsorbent was tested for six adsorption and desorption cycles. The results demonstrate that the DOTA@Sludge@Chitosan adsorbent well-maintained high adsorption capacity attributed to its stability, making it a promising adsorbent for heavy metals removal from industrial effluent.