College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China.
College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2024 Jan;144:109231. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109231. Epub 2023 Nov 19.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying zinc (Zn) levels on the growth performance, non-specific immune response, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota of red claw crayfish (Procambarus clarkii (P. clarkii)). Adopting hydroxy methionine zinc (Zn-MHA) as the Zn source, 180 healthy crayfish with an initial body mass of 6.50 ± 0.05 g were randomly divided into the following five groups: X1 (control group) and groups X2, X3, X4, and X5, which were fed the basal feed supplemented with Zn-MHA with 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 mg kg, respectively. The results indicated that following the addition of various concentrations of Zn-MHA to the diet, the following was observed: Specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain rate (WGR), total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), phenoloxidase (PO), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT), the expression of CTL, GPX, and CuZn-SOD genes demonstrated a trend of rising and then declining-with a maximum value in group X4-which was significantly higher than that in group X1 (P < 0.05). Zn deposition in the intestine and hepatopancreas, the activity of GSH-PX, and the expression of GSH-PX were increased, exhibiting the highest value in group X5. The malonaldehyde (MDA) content was significantly reduced, with the lowest value in group X4, and the MDA content of the Zn-MHA addition groups were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). In the analysis of the intestinal microbiota of P. clarkii, the number of operational taxonomic units in group X4 was the highest, and the richness and diversity indexes of groups X3 and X4 were significantly higher than those in group X1 (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the dietary addition of Zn-MHA decreased and increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Tenericutes, respectively. These findings indicate that supplementation of dietary Zn-MHA at an optimum dose of 60 mg kg may effectively improve growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota richness and species diversity in crayfish.
本研究旨在评估不同锌（Zn）水平对红螯螯虾（Procambarus clarkii（P. clarkii））生长性能、非特异性免疫反应、抗氧化能力和肠道微生物区系的影响。采用羟基蛋氨酸锌（Zn-MHA）作为锌源，将 180 只初始体重为 6.50±0.05g 的健康螯虾随机分为以下五组：X1（对照组）和 X2、X3、X4 和 X5 组，分别在基础饲料中添加 0、15、30、60 和 90mg/kg 的 Zn-MHA。结果表明，在饲料中添加不同浓度的 Zn-MHA 后，以下指标均呈上升趋势：特定生长率（SGR）、体重增长率（WGR）、总蛋白（TP）、总胆固醇（TC）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酚氧化酶（PO）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）、CTL、GPX 和 CuZn-SOD 基因的表达均呈先上升后下降的趋势-在 X4 组中达到最大值-明显高于 X1 组（P<0.05）。肠道和肝胰腺中的 Zn 沉积、GSH-PX 活性和 GSH-PX 表达增加，在 X5 组中达到最高值。丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低，在 X4 组中达到最低值，Zn-MHA 添加组的 MDA 含量明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。在 P. clarkii 肠道微生物分析中，X4 组的操作分类单位数最高，X3 和 X4 组的丰富度和多样性指数明显高于 X1 组（P<0.05）。同时，膳食补充 Zn-MHA 分别降低和增加了变形菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度。这些发现表明，饲料中添加最佳剂量的 Zn-MHA（60mg/kg）可有效提高虾的生长性能、免疫反应、抗氧化能力以及肠道微生物区系的丰富度和物种多样性。
