Akca Muhittin Onur, Gündoğdu Sedat, Akca Hanife, Delialioğlu Rabia Albayrak, Aksit Cenk, Turgay Oguz Can, Harada Naoki
Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 06110 Ankara, Türkiye; Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 950-2181 Niigata, Japan.
Çukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, 01330 Adana, Türkiye.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Feb 10;911:168609. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168609. Epub 2023 Nov 19.
Microplastic (MP) pollution is now widely reported in soil ecosystems. However, the level of this pollution in soil ecosystems has not been sufficiently elucidated. Moreover, there is little understanding of how land use conditions affect the occurrence and distribution of MPs in soils. Therefore, this study examined 55 soil samples (44 agricultural and 11 urban) from the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Marmara regions of Türkiye, representing both agricultural and urban land uses. The samples were analyzed for MP distribution characteristics, such as abundance, shape, size, color, and type. Different types of MPs were detected in the soil samples, and their averages in agricultural and urban soils were 192.7 ± 14.2 and 127.3 ± 21.6 particles kg, respectively. MP abundance in the soil exhibited variations between different land uses, with agricultural areas showing higher levels compared to urban areas. In agricultural soils, MPs were predominantly blue-colored (44.6 %), in the form of fibers (74.9 %), smaller than 1000 μm (66.1 %), and primarily constituted polyethylene (90.8 %). In urban areas, MPs were also blue-colored (54.7 %), had a fiber shape (64.2 %), smaller than 1000 μm (70.6 %), and mostly belonged to the polyethylene category (78.5 %). A significant difference in MP concentrations was observed between agricultural and urban areas, reflecting the influence of distinct land uses on MP levels. Moreover, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that soil properties, including pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, aggregate stability, average weight diameter, sand, clay, and silt, emerged as the primary determinants influencing the abundance and size of MPs within the soil. These findings contribute valuable insights into the origins of soil MPs and the intricate connections between MPs and varying soil characteristics across diverse land use categories.
微塑料（MP）污染目前在土壤生态系统中已得到广泛报道。然而，土壤生态系统中这种污染的程度尚未得到充分阐明。此外，对于土地利用条件如何影响土壤中微塑料的出现和分布，人们了解甚少。因此，本研究调查了来自土耳其地中海、爱琴海和马尔马拉地区的55个土壤样本（44个农业土壤样本和11个城市土壤样本），这些样本代表了农业和城市两种土地利用类型。对样本的微塑料分布特征进行了分析，包括丰度、形状、大小、颜色和类型。在土壤样本中检测到了不同类型的微塑料，其在农业土壤和城市土壤中的平均含量分别为192.7±14.2和127.3±21.6颗粒/千克。土壤中微塑料的丰度在不同土地利用类型之间存在差异，农业区域的微塑料含量高于城市区域。在农业土壤中，微塑料主要为蓝色（44.6%），呈纤维状（74.9%），小于1000微米（66.1%），主要由聚乙烯构成（90.8%）。在城市地区，微塑料同样为蓝色（54.7%），呈纤维状（64.2%），小于1000微米（70.6%），且大多属于聚乙烯类别（78.5%）。农业和城市地区的微塑料浓度存在显著差异，这反映了不同土地利用方式对微塑料含量的影响。此外，主成分分析（PCA）表明，土壤性质，包括pH值、电导率、有机质、团聚体稳定性、平均重量直径、砂、黏土和粉砂，是影响土壤中微塑料丰度和大小的主要决定因素。这些发现为土壤微塑料的来源以及不同土地利用类别中微塑料与各种土壤特征之间的复杂联系提供了有价值的见解。
