Kadave Kiran Prakash, Kumari Neeta
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engg., Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Mar;32(12):7237-7252. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30979-7. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
In this paper, the assessment of seasonal water quality and land use land cover change in the Subarnarekha watershed in Ranchi stretch was analysed. Agricultural runoff along with climate change adds to the pollution risk to the Subarnarekha River of Ranchi stretch in Jharkhand. Water quality indicators, like acidity alkalinity (ALK), total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness (H), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chlorides (CL-), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity (SAL), resistivity (RES) and pH, were assessed as per the standard method. During monsoon season, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, chlorides, salinity, pH and DO decreased, whereas EC, TDS, BOD and resistivity increased in comparison to pre-monsoon season. In post-monsoon, chloride problem was observed very high. Hardness was least in monsoon and maximum in post-monsoon season. EC and BOD increased in monsoon season in comparison to other seasons. Statistical analysis like HCA (hierarchical cluster analysis) and PCA (principal component analysis) also confirmed the problem of TDS, EC, chloride and hardness in the area. WQI (water quality index) analysis showed that the water quality was poor to unsuitable on all the sampling points throughout the study area in all seasons. LULC (land use land cover) and NDWI (normalized difference water index) analysis had also concluded that due to high rate of urbanization, the area has undergone a massive change in terms of forest cover and water bodies. The need for afforestation, forest protection and wetland protection can be clearly seen from the result of this study.
本文分析了兰契河段苏巴纳雷卡河流域的季节性水质以及土地利用和土地覆盖变化情况。农业径流加上气候变化增加了贾坎德邦兰契河段苏巴纳雷卡河的污染风险。按照标准方法对酸碱度（ALK）、总溶解固体（TDS）、硬度（H）、溶解氧（DO）、生化需氧量（BOD）、氯化物（CL-）、电导率（EC）、盐度（SAL）、电阻率（RES）和pH值等水质指标进行了评估。与季风前季节相比，季风季节的酸度、碱度、硬度、氯化物、盐度、pH值和溶解氧下降，而电导率、总溶解固体、生化需氧量和电阻率上升。在季风后，氯化物问题非常严重。硬度在季风季节最低，在季风后季节最高。与其他季节相比，电导率和生化需氧量在季风季节增加。像层次聚类分析（HCA）和主成分分析（PCA）这样的统计分析也证实了该地区总溶解固体、电导率、氯化物和硬度的问题。水质指数（WQI）分析表明，在整个研究区域的所有采样点，所有季节的水质都很差甚至不适宜。土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）以及归一化差异水指数（NDWI）分析也得出结论，由于城市化速度快，该地区在森林覆盖和水体方面发生了巨大变化。从这项研究的结果可以清楚地看出造林、森林保护和湿地保护的必要性。
