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常用抗高血压药物中的亚硝胺与(未)控制的药物诱导性皮肤癌:同时使用比索洛尔和呋塞米后并发皮肤黑色素瘤和多发性基底细胞癌。

NITROSAMINES IN COMMONLY PRESCRIBED ANTIHYPERTENSIVES AND THE (UN)CONTROLLED DRUG-INDUCED SKIN CANCER: SIMULTANEOUS DEVELOPMENT OF CUTANEOUS MELANOMA AND MULTIPLE BCC AFTER CONCOMITANT ADMINISTRATION OF BISOPROLOL AND FUROSEMIDE.

机构信息

Onkoderma - Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior, Sofia, Bulgaria.

出版信息

Georgian Med News. 2023 Sep(342):149-151.

PMID:37991971
Abstract

The era of nitrosogenesis is the era that is conditioned by the permanent and prolonged intake of carcinogens/mutagens, also known as nitrosamines/NDSRIs in the context of polymedication/polycontamination in polymorbid patients. Until recently, the favoured and universally accepted thesis by the scientific community that polymorbidity determines the risk of developing cancer has been shown to be weakly substantiated and superseded by the more modern notion that: it is the polycontamination with carcinogens in the context of concomitant medication/ polymorbidity that determines to a large extent the risk of developing heterogeneous cancers, including skin cancer: keratinocytic and melanocytic. The FDA is the organization that first pulled back the curtain on the backstage back in 2018 on this topic. It was not until 2023 that the FDA again catalogued over 250 drugs that are affected by contamination with carcinogens/mutagens/NDSRIs having varying carcinogenic potencies graded between 1 to 5. The expectations of clinicians and patients globally at the moment remain hopeful that the diplomatic recommendations of regulators will soon be replaced by more restrictive regimes and sanctions. The reason for the need to clarify this issue quickly is due to the following circumstances: 1) The reassuring calls and analyses of the regulators that the minimum intake of carcinogens ( nitrosamines or intake within reference values) , could not become a threat to the health of patients even after 70 years of intake, appear to be rather inconsistent; 2) Lack of any official data on any drug batch that has at least been declared by the FDA/EMA (if declared at all) as potentially contaminated; 3) Another not insignificant reason is that a number of scientific publications are indicative of exactly the opposite: short-term concomitant intake of polycontaminated drugs leads to short-term cancer development while shortening cumulative survival and quality of life for those affected. Only the transparency of the results of checks carried out on the presence of carcinogens in drug batches can guarantee peace of mind, and this in turn can be guaranteed by the regulatory authorities. 4) In parallel, the number of clinical data indicating an association between the intake of potentially nitrosamine-contaminated drugs (mainly for high blood pressure, but not only) and - in particular - keratinocytic and/or melanocytic skin cancer is growing avalanche-like. The dramatic increase in skin cancer in general/ worldwide is in absolute contradiction to the continuous explanations that the most important factor in the generation of skin cancer is ultraviolet light and sunburn: the incidence of skin cancer is increasing despite the widespread intensive use of sunscreen protection creams, the lack of any sun exposure in certain groups of patients, and its occurrence in areas not exposed to solar radiation. It follows only that solar radiation is not the only and perhaps not the most important factor determining the occurrence and progression of skin cancer. We report another concomitant intake of potentially nitrosamine contaminated blood pressure medications: bisoprolol and furosemide, taken over a period of 7 years that resulted in the concurrent occurrence of a medium-thickness cutaneous melanoma and 2 basal cell carcinomas. Successful surgical treatment of the tumors was performed, and the role of concurrent administration of ˝hypothetical˝ class 4 carcinogens within the framework of polymedication, polycontamination, and polymorbidity is discussed.

摘要

硝态生成时代是指在多药治疗/多污染物共存的背景下,由于长期摄入致癌物质/诱变剂(在多药治疗/多污染物共存的情况下也称为亚硝胺/NDSRIs)而产生的时代。直到最近,科学界普遍接受的多病症会增加患癌症风险的观点被证明是站不住脚的,而更为现代的观点则认为:正是由于伴随用药/多病症同时存在的致癌物质的多污染物共存,在很大程度上决定了异质癌症(包括皮肤癌:角质细胞癌和黑色素瘤)的发病风险。FDA 是第一个在 2018 年就该主题揭开幕后帷幕的组织。直到 2023 年,FDA 再次将超过 250 种受致癌物质/诱变剂/NDSRIs 污染的药物列入目录,这些药物的致癌潜能从 1 级到 5 级不等。目前,全球临床医生和患者都希望监管机构的外交建议能够尽快被更严格的制度和制裁所取代。需要尽快澄清这个问题的原因如下:1)监管机构令人安心的呼吁和分析表明,即使摄入致癌物质(亚硝胺或摄入值范围内)70 年,也不会对患者的健康构成威胁,但这似乎相当不一致;2)没有任何官方数据表明任何药物批次至少已被 FDA/EMA 宣布为潜在污染(如果有声明的话);3)另一个不可忽视的原因是,一些科学出版物表明恰恰相反:同时短期摄入受多污染物污染的药物会导致短期癌症发展,同时缩短受影响患者的累积生存时间和生活质量。只有对药物批次中致癌物质存在情况进行检查结果的透明度才能保证安心,而这反过来又可以得到监管机构的保证。4)与此同时,越来越多的临床数据表明,摄入潜在亚硝胺污染药物(主要用于高血压,但不仅限于此)与角质细胞癌和/或黑色素瘤皮肤癌之间存在关联。全球范围内皮肤癌的急剧增加与不断解释形成鲜明对比,即生成皮肤癌的最重要因素是紫外线和晒伤:尽管广泛使用防晒霜,但皮肤癌的发病率仍在不断上升,某些患者群体中缺乏任何阳光暴露,以及在未暴露于太阳辐射的区域发生。因此,太阳辐射并不是决定皮肤癌发生和进展的唯一因素,也许不是最重要的因素。我们报告了另一种同时摄入潜在亚硝胺污染的降压药物:比索洛尔和呋塞米,服用了 7 年,同时发生了中度厚度的皮肤黑色素瘤和 2 个基底细胞癌。成功进行了肿瘤的手术治疗,并讨论了同时服用潜在 4 级致癌物质在多药治疗、多污染物共存和多病症背景下的作用。

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