Lupo Yaniv, Moshelion Menachem
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boker, Israel.
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Plant Sci. 2024 Feb;339:111928. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111928. Epub 2023 Nov 20.
Plants have the ability to undergo reversible behavioral, morphological, or physiological changes in response to environmental conditions. This plasticity enables plants to cope with uncertain environmental conditions, such as drought. A primary plastic trait is the rate of stomatal response to changes in ambient conditions, which determines the amount of water lost via transpiration, as well as levels of CO absorption, growth, and productivity. Here, we examined the differences between domesticated (S. lycopersicum cv. M82) and wild tomato (S. pennellii) species and their responses to drought stress. The plants were grown in pots in a functional phenotyping platform (FPP) in a semi-controlled environment greenhouse. We found that the domesticated tomato had a higher transpiration rate (E) and higher stomatal conductance (g). The domesticated tomato also had greater biomass and greater leaf area under drought conditions, as compared to the wild tomato. Despite the domesticated tomato's higher E and higher g, there was no difference between the photosynthetic rates (A) of the two lines. Moreover, the wild tomato had a higher maximum rate of rubisco activity (V), which might explain its greater leaf level and whole canopy water-use efficiency. The domesticated tomato's higher E and greater leaf area led to its earlier exposure to drought stress, as compared to the wild tomato, which maintained higher levels of soil water, enabling it to maintain steady rates of whole-canopy stomatal conductance (g) for extended periods. The wild tomato was also more sensitive to soil water availability and lowered its maximum transpiration rate (E) at a higher soil-water-content (SWC) level compared to the domesticated species. Our results suggest that the domestication of tomatoes favored morphological/anatomical performance traits over physiological efficiency.
植物能够根据环境条件进行可逆的行为、形态或生理变化。这种可塑性使植物能够应对不确定的环境条件，如干旱。一个主要的可塑性特征是气孔对环境条件变化的响应速率，它决定了通过蒸腾作用损失的水量以及二氧化碳吸收、生长和生产力水平。在这里，我们研究了驯化番茄（S. lycopersicum cv. M82）和野生番茄（S. pennellii）物种之间的差异及其对干旱胁迫的响应。这些植物种植在半控制环境温室中的功能表型平台（FPP）的花盆中。我们发现，驯化番茄的蒸腾速率（E）和气孔导度（g）较高。与野生番茄相比，驯化番茄在干旱条件下也具有更大的生物量和更大的叶面积。尽管驯化番茄的E和g较高，但两个品系的光合速率（A）没有差异。此外，野生番茄的核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶活性最大速率（V）较高，这可能解释了其更高的叶片水平和整株冠层水分利用效率。与野生番茄相比，驯化番茄较高的E和更大的叶面积使其更早受到干旱胁迫，野生番茄保持了较高的土壤水分水平，使其能够长时间维持整株冠层气孔导度（g）的稳定速率。野生番茄对土壤水分有效性也更敏感，与驯化品种相比，在较高的土壤含水量（SWC）水平下降低了其最大蒸腾速率（E）。我们的结果表明，番茄的驯化更有利于形态/解剖学性能特征而非生理效率。
