Rodríguez de la Vega A
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1986 Sep-Oct;14(5):363-7.
Bronchial hyperreactivity is a condition in which the airways show a much greater bronchoconstriction response to provocative stimuli than what is normal. The stimuli may be specific (different allergens) or non-specific (exercise, infection, cold, air, ozone, kerosene or a variety of inhalant irritants). The normal control of the airways is regulated by: parasympathetic cholinergic nerves, sympathetic adrenergic nerves and non-adrenergic bronchodilator system. The activity in all these pathways regulates bronchomotor tone which is affected by many different reflexes. Such changes play a role in hyperreactivity. Exposure to allergens is another cause of inflammation and specific hyperreactivity which may increase the degree of non-specific bronchial reactivity. Inheritance has been implicated in bronchial hyperreactivity according to animal experiments and human twins studies. Calcium ions are involved in most cellular processes and their role in bronchial hyperreactivity is related to defects in calcium regulation and metabolism. Based on this speculation, calcium antagonist drugs have been used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, though no clinical improvement has been observed by most authors.
支气管高反应性是一种气道对刺激性刺激产生的支气管收缩反应比正常情况强烈得多的病症。刺激因素可能是特异性的（不同过敏原）或非特异性的（运动、感染、寒冷、空气、臭氧、煤油或各种吸入性刺激物）。气道的正常调控由以下因素调节：副交感胆碱能神经、交感肾上腺素能神经和非肾上腺素能支气管扩张系统。所有这些途径中的活动调节支气管运动张力，而支气管运动张力受许多不同反射的影响。这些变化在高反应性中起作用。接触过敏原是炎症和特异性高反应性的另一个原因，这可能会增加非特异性支气管反应性的程度。根据动物实验和人类双胞胎研究，遗传因素与支气管高反应性有关。钙离子参与大多数细胞过程，它们在支气管高反应性中的作用与钙调节和代谢缺陷有关。基于这一推测，钙拮抗剂药物已被用于治疗支气管哮喘，不过大多数作者并未观察到临床改善。
