Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan.
Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Vet Ital. 2023 Mar 31;59(1):1-10. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.2449.17415.2.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) are causing contagious diseases in chickens and wild birds worldwide; however, there is a paucity of information on the current status of seropositivity of Newcastle and avian influenza diseases in chickens and wild birds of Pakistan. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the serological evidence of both diseases in commercial poultry (broiler, layer chickens), backyard poultry, and captive wild birds in poultry‑dense regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed for the determination of antibodies against NDV and AIV and their genotyping and subtyping, respectively. Overall, 47.5% and 67.4% seroprevalence of NDV and AIV, respectively, was observed in both poultry and wild birds. Based on bird's category, layer chickens had the highest seroprevalence of NDV (60.8%, 95% CI: 52.95‑68.22, OR: 0.71) followed by backyard poultry (56.8%, 95% CI: 47.92‑65.32, OR: 0.82), broilers (52.7%, 95% CI: 46.84‑58.64), pigeons (41.3%, 95% CI: 30.53‑52.81, OR: 1.59), peafowls (26.1%, 95% CI: 11.09‑48.69, OR: 3.16), ducks (23.8%, 95% CI: 12.59‑39.8, OR: 3.57), turkeys (16.7%, 95% CI: 4.41‑42.27, OR: 5.58), parrots (14.3%, 95% CI: 2.52‑43.85, OR: 6.70) and quails (2.3%, 95% CI: 0.2‑13.51, OR: 4.8). Comparatively, backyard chickens had the highest seroprevalence of AIV (78.8%, 95% CI: 70.64‑85.22, OR: 0.63) followed by ducks (73.8%, 95% CI: 57.68‑85.6, OR: 0.83), layers (73.5%, 95% CI: 65.98‑79.89, OR: 0.84), pigeons (72.5%, 95% CI: 61.2‑81.61, OR: 0.89), broilers (70.1%, 95% CI: 64.44‑75.29), turkeys (55.5%, 95% CI: 31.35‑77.6, OR: 1.87), peafowls (47.8%, 95% CI: 27.42‑68.9, OR: 2.56) and parrots (42.8%, 95% CI: 18.8‑70.3, OR: 3.1). Overall, 40.1%, 34.2%, 31.3%, and 25.1% sera were positive for H9 AIV, G‑VII NDV, H7 AIV, and G‑VI NDV, respectively. The current study revealed a widespread exposure to NDV and AIV in poultry and captive wild birds. Therefore, it is crucial to include captive wild birds in NDV and AIV surveillance programs to further strengthen disease control measures, particularly in endemic regions.
新城疫病毒（NDV）和禽流感病毒（AIV）在全球范围内导致鸡和野生鸟类的传染性疾病；然而，关于巴基斯坦鸡和野生鸟类中新城疫和禽流感疾病的当前血清阳性率的信息很少。因此，本研究旨在调查巴基斯坦旁遮普省家禽密集地区商业家禽（肉鸡、蛋鸡）、后院家禽和圈养野生鸟类中这两种疾病的血清学证据。酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）和血凝抑制（HI）试验分别用于检测针对 NDV 和 AIV 的抗体，并对其进行基因分型和亚型分析。结果显示，NDV 和 AIV 的血清阳性率分别为 47.5%和 67.4%。基于鸟类的类别，蛋鸡的 NDV 血清阳性率最高（60.8%，95%CI：52.95-68.22，OR：0.71），其次是后院家禽（56.8%，95%CI：47.92-65.32，OR：0.82），肉鸡（52.7%，95%CI：46.84-58.64），鸽子（41.3%，95%CI：30.53-52.81，OR：1.59），孔雀（26.1%，95%CI：11.09-48.69，OR：3.16），鸭子（23.8%，95%CI：12.59-39.8，OR：3.57），火鸡（16.7%，95%CI：4.41-42.27，OR：5.58），鹦鹉（14.3%，95%CI：2.52-43.85，OR：6.70）和鹌鹑（2.3%，95%CI：0.2-13.51，OR：4.8）。相比之下，后院家禽的 AIV 血清阳性率最高（78.8%，95%CI：70.64-85.22，OR：0.63），其次是鸭子（73.8%，95%CI：57.68-85.6，OR：0.83），蛋鸡（73.5%，95%CI：65.98-79.89，OR：0.84），鸽子（72.5%，95%CI：61.2-81.61，OR：0.89），肉鸡（70.1%，95%CI：64.44-75.29），火鸡（55.5%，95%CI：31.35-77.6，OR：1.87），孔雀（47.8%，95%CI：27.42-68.9，OR：2.56）和鹦鹉（42.8%，95%CI：18.8-70.3，OR：3.1）。总的来说，40.1%、34.2%、31.3%和 25.1%的血清对 H9 AIV、G-VII NDV、H7 AIV 和 G-VI NDV 呈阳性。本研究表明，鸡和圈养野生鸟类广泛暴露于 NDV 和 AIV。因此，必须将圈养野生鸟类纳入 NDV 和 AIV 监测计划，以进一步加强疾病控制措施，特别是在流行地区。
