Daodu O B, Jegede H O, Aiyedun J O, Oludairo O O, Olorunshola I D, Daodu O C, Ajadi A, Ambali S F
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Wildlife Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020 Sep;52(5):2387-2393. doi: 10.1007/s11250-020-02265-y. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
Several reports of avian influenza virus (AIV) have been made on commercial chickens and wild birds in sub-Saharan Africa, but there is paucity of information of AIV among captive wild birds and indigenous chickens. Blood samples were obtained randomly from captive wild birds and chickens. AIV nucleoprotein antibody detection involved the use of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and subsequent subtyping with H5 and H7 AIV antigens (haemagglutination inhibition). Four hundred birds belonging to nine families and 14 species were sampled, and overall prevalence of 23% (92/400) was obtained (captive wild birds (10.4%, 5/48), indigenous birds (47.3%, 87/184) and exotic commercial birds (0.0%, 0/168)). Twelve ELISA-positive birds (13.04%) were positive to H7 antigen. Univariate analysis indicated statistical significance of AIV prevalence in captive wild birds (p < 0.0001) and exotic birds (p < 0.0001) using indigenous chickens as reference. This study gave an evidence of exposure of captive wild birds and indigenous chickens to AIV in Nigeria. Scavenging activities common among indigenously raised chickens, unrestricted movement of nonflying wild birds within the captive complex and free access by migrating wild birds to captive wild birds and local chickens were likely factors observed to promote AIV transmission. Continuous surveillance can further highlight the roles played by these birds in the epidemiology of AIV.
关于撒哈拉以南非洲商业养鸡场和野生鸟类感染禽流感病毒（AIV）已有多篇报道，但关于圈养野生鸟类和本地鸡中AIV的信息却很少。从圈养野生鸟类和鸡中随机采集血样。AIV核蛋白抗体检测采用酶免疫测定（ELISA），随后用H5和H7 AIV抗原进行亚型鉴定（血凝抑制试验）。对属于9个科14个物种的400只鸟进行了采样，总体患病率为23%（92/400）（圈养野生鸟类（10.4%，5/48）、本地鸟类（47.3%，87/184）和外来商业鸟类（0.0%，0/168））。12只ELISA阳性鸟（13.04%）对H7抗原呈阳性。单因素分析表明，以本地鸡作为对照，圈养野生鸟类（p＜0.0001）和外来鸟类（p＜0.0001）中AIV患病率具有统计学意义。本研究证明了尼日利亚圈养野生鸟类和本地鸡接触过AIV。观察发现，本地饲养的鸡常见的觅食活动、圈养区内不会飞的野生鸟类的无限制活动以及候鸟可自由接触圈养野生鸟类和本地鸡，这些可能是促进AIV传播的因素。持续监测可进一步突出这些鸟类在AIV流行病学中所起的作用。
