Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, 9-1-6 Kouyocho-naka, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0032, Japan.
Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shijonawate Gakuen University, 5-11-10 Houjo, Daito, Osaka 574-0011, Japan.
Gait Posture. 2024 Feb;108:70-76. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.11.011. Epub 2023 Nov 19.
The influence of internal focus (IF) on postural balance needs to be determined when assessing fall risk in older adults. Moreover, the mechanism through which IF is triggered should be elucidated.
Does fear unrelated to threats to postural balance modulate IF during postural control?
The participants were 16 community-dwelling older adults. We generated visual stimuli for neutral and fear conditions using the International Affective Picture System. Participants were assessed for postural control while standing on a stabilometer and looking at projected images. The IF allocated to postural control during task was assessed immediately after the task using the Conscious Movement Processing subscale of the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS-CMP). Sympathetic activity was assessed using the mean low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF), and posture was evaluated using the root mean square area (RMS-A), anteroposterior mean power frequency (MPF-AP), mediolateral MPF, and co-contraction index. Differences (Δ) in the MSRS-CMP, RMS-A and MPF between the neutral/fear conditions and control condition were calculated. Each index was also compared among the control, neutral, and fear conditions. The correlations between ΔMSRS-CMP and postural measures were evaluated. Equivalence tests were conducted to determine whether change of IF was different among conditions.
The MSRS-CMP score did not differ significantly among conditions; equivalence was observed. The LF/HF and MPF-AP in the fear condition were higher than in the other conditions. The RMS-A in the fear condition was lower than in the neutral condition. ΔMSRS-CMP and ΔMPF-AP were significantly negatively correlated.
The results of this study suggest that feelings of fear affect postural control but not the IF of attention. Taken together with previous research, the findings of this study suggest that consideration of the fear-inducing context may be useful in assessments of, and interventions for, older adults with a fall risk.
在评估老年人跌倒风险时，需要确定内部焦点（IF）对内平衡的影响。此外，应该阐明触发 IF 的机制。
与姿势平衡威胁无关的恐惧是否会调节姿势控制过程中的 IF？
参与者为 16 名社区居住的老年人。我们使用国际情感图片系统生成了中性和恐惧条件下的视觉刺激。参与者在稳定器上站立并观看投影图像时进行姿势控制评估。任务结束后，立即使用运动特异性再投资量表（MSRS-CMP）的意识运动加工分量表评估分配给姿势控制的 IF。使用低频/高频比（LF/HF）评估交感神经活动，使用均方根区域（RMS-A）、前/后平均功率频率（MPF-AP）、中/侧 MPF 和共收缩指数评估姿势。计算了 MSRS-CMP、RMS-A 和 MPF 在中性/恐惧条件与对照条件之间的差异（Δ）。还比较了对照、中性和恐惧条件下的每个指标。评估了 ΔMSRS-CMP 与姿势测量值之间的相关性。进行等效性检验以确定 IF 的变化在条件之间是否不同。
MSRS-CMP 评分在条件之间无显著差异；观察到等效性。恐惧条件下的 LF/HF 和 MPF-AP 高于其他条件。恐惧条件下的 RMS-A 低于中性条件。ΔMSRS-CMP 和 ΔMPF-AP 呈显著负相关。
本研究结果表明，恐惧感会影响姿势控制，但不会影响注意力的 IF。结合以前的研究，本研究的结果表明，考虑引起恐惧的环境可能有助于评估和干预有跌倒风险的老年人。
