亚马逊河的颜色与疟疾发病率之间的关系。

Relationship between the colours of the rivers in the Amazon and the incidence of malaria.

机构信息

Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.

Pós-Graduação em Clima e Ambiente-CLIAMB (INPA/UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.

出版信息

Malar J. 2023 Nov 23;22(1):358. doi: 10.1186/s12936-023-04789-8.

DOI:10.1186/s12936-023-04789-8

PMID:37996920

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10668518/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Malaria is transmitted by different Anopheles species. In Brazil, the disease is concentrated in the Amazon region. Rivers play an important role in the life cycle of malaria since the vector reproduces in aquatic environments. The waters of the rivers in the Amazon have distinct chemical characteristics, which affect the colour of the water and therefore, the study analysed whether the colour of the waters of the rivers have an on influence the distribution of malaria. The goal of the study was to correlate the different colourations of the water (black, white and mixed water) and the malaria incidence in 50 municipalities of the Amazonas state, Brazil, and then test hypotheses about the characteristics of the colour of the rivers and disease incidence.

METHODS

This study was conducted for a period of seventeen years (2003-2019) in 50 municipalities in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. A conditionally Gaussian dynamic linear model was developed to analyse the association of malaria incidence and three types of river colour: white, black and mixed.

RESULTS

The analyses indicate that the distribution of malaria is related to the colouration of the rivers. The results showed that places located near black-water rivers have a higher malaria incidence when compared to places on the banks of white-water rivers.

CONCLUSIONS

Historically, the hydrological regime has played an important role in the dynamics of malaria in the Amazon, but little is known about the relationship between river colours and the incidence of the disease. This research was carried out in a region with hydrographic characteristics that were heterogeneous enough to allow an analysis that contrasted different colours of the rivers and covered almost the whole of the state of Amazonas. The results help to identify the places with the highest risk of malaria transmission and it is believed that they will be able to contribute to more precise planning of actions aimed at controlling the disease in the region.

摘要

背景

疟疾由不同的疟蚊传播。在巴西，该疾病集中在亚马逊地区。河流在疟疾的生命周期中起着重要作用，因为蚊子在水生环境中繁殖。亚马逊河的水具有独特的化学特性，这影响了水的颜色，因此，本研究分析了河水的颜色是否会影响疟疾的分布。本研究的目的是分析亚马逊州 50 个城市的河水不同颜色（黑色、白色和混合色）与疟疾发病率之间的关系，并检验有关河水颜色特征与疾病发病率之间关系的假设。

方法

本研究在巴西亚马逊州的 50 个城市进行了长达 17 年（2003-2019 年）的时间。建立了一个条件高斯动态线性模型，以分析疟疾发病率与三种河流颜色（白色、黑色和混合色）之间的关联。

结果

分析表明，疟疾的分布与河流的颜色有关。结果表明，与位于白水河流域的地方相比，靠近黑水河流域的地方疟疾发病率更高。

结论

从历史上看，水文状况对亚马逊地区疟疾的动态起着重要作用，但对于河流颜色与疾病发病率之间的关系知之甚少。本研究在一个具有足够异质性的水文特征区域进行，这些特征允许对不同颜色的河流进行对比分析，并涵盖了亚马逊州的大部分地区。研究结果有助于确定疟疾传播风险最高的地区，并且相信这些结果将有助于更精确地规划该地区的疾病控制行动。