Leperchey F
Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 1979;80(2):45-67.
The mesenchymal origin muscular tissues entailing some difficulties in the knowledge of certain muscles embryogeny, two methods are therefore applied: the comparison of the ontogenesis data with those of comparative anatomy and the use as a guide of the functional motor unit with which the muscle combines. In resorting to these methods necessary precautions are precisely defined. The origins of the concerned muscles are, at first, situated among those of the whole musculature subjected to will, which are of two types "somitic" and "branchial". The realities lying under these two misleading terms are analysed. Then the usual data on each of the muscular groups embryogeny reviewed and compared, if necessary, with recent works. For the facial muscles a confusion results from the use of the term platysma both in comparative anatomy and in embryology, in pursuance of transposition, exact on that particular point, of the philogenic development of these muscles in ontogenesis. The development of these muscles comes in the scope of the extensive general character of the superficial hyoïd arch derivatives, and their topographic and functional particularities should be brought together with the disposition of the facial nerve nucleus and its arising fibres. Among the muscles in action in the mastication, a link appears between their precise role in this function and their embryogeny. For the neck muscles, the spinal nerve systematisation and the variations of the sterno-mastoïd muscle in mammals agree in assigning to this muscle an entire somitic origin lying exactly at the junction with the so-called branchial muscles. The somitic origin of the tongue muscles and the sharing between the somitic and branchial origins of those of the soft palate bring to light the place in the organism of these two anatomic structures. Then, the conjunction of muscles proceeding thus from two origins in these anatomic structures carries a particular signification in man by reason of the language.
间充质起源的肌肉组织在某些肌肉胚胎发生学的认识上存在一些困难，因此应用了两种方法：将个体发生数据与比较解剖学数据进行比较，以及以肌肉所结合的功能性运动单位作为指导。在采用这些方法时，精确地定义了必要的预防措施。相关肌肉的起源起初位于整个受意志支配的肌肉组织之中，这些肌肉组织有两种类型，即“体节性的”和“鳃源性的”。分析了这两个误导性术语背后的实际情况。然后回顾并比较了每个肌肉群胚胎发生学的常见数据，如有必要，还与近期的研究进行了对比。对于面部肌肉，由于在比较解剖学和胚胎学中都使用了颈阔肌这个术语，根据这些肌肉在个体发生中的系统发育在这一特定点上的精确转换，导致了混淆。这些肌肉的发育属于浅表舌骨弓衍生物广泛的一般特征范畴，其局部解剖和功能特殊性应与面神经核及其发出纤维的分布情况相结合。在参与咀嚼的肌肉中，它们在该功能中的精确作用与其胚胎发生之间存在联系。对于颈部肌肉，哺乳动物的脊神经系统化以及胸锁乳突肌的变异一致表明，该肌肉完全起源于体节，确切地位于与所谓鳃源性肌肉的交界处。舌肌的体节起源以及软腭肌肉的体节和鳃源性起源之间的分担，揭示了这两个解剖结构在机体中的位置。然后，在这些解剖结构中由两种起源产生的肌肉的结合，由于语言的原因，在人类身上具有特殊的意义。
