College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Nov;34(11):2938-2946. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202311.007.
To understand the distribution characteristics and restoration status of vegetation at Sanxingdui City Wall, we sampled five typical communities of the city wall at the Sanxingdui site and explored the stability and niche characteristics of herbaceous plant communities under different maintenance measures (natural regeneration, planting, abandoned field, shrub removal, and pruning) following the niche theory and the improved contribution law method. A total of 87 herbaceous species belonging to 73 genera and 31 families were recorded. Compositae and Gramineae were dominant, and perennial herbs were the majority. There were differences in the niche breadth of major herbaceous species under different maintenance measures. The niche breadth of annual plants was higher under natural regeneration and shrub removal, and that of perennial plants was higher under planting, abandoned field, and pruning measures. The niche overlap and similarity of herbaceous plants were higher under natural regene-ration, shrub removal and pruning measures, and were the lowest under planting measure. The importance values were positively correlated with the niche breadth, but the ranking was not completely consistent. Species with higher niche breadth usually had higher probability of niche overlap and higher niche similarity. Combined with the M-Godron's stability analysis, community stability was comparable among shrub removal, pruning, and natural regeneration measures whereas the abandoned field and planting showed lower community stability. We recommended the implementation of conservation measures based on natural regeneration, supplemented by scientific artificial maintenance (shrub removal, pruning, .) when necessary, so as to achieve a stable species composition and promote the sustainable development and vegetation landscape restoration at Sanxingdui City Wall.
为了了解三星堆城墙植被的分布特征和恢复状况，我们在三星堆遗址选取了城墙的五个典型群落进行采样，运用生态位理论和改进的贡献度法则，探讨了不同维护措施（自然再生、种植、撂荒地、灌木清除和修剪）下草本植物群落的稳定性和生态位特征。共记录到 87 种草本植物，隶属于 73 属 31 科。其中菊科和禾本科占优势，以多年生草本为主。不同维护措施下主要草本植物的生态位宽度存在差异。自然再生和灌木清除下一年生植物的生态位宽度较高，而种植、撂荒地和修剪措施下多年生植物的生态位宽度较高。自然再生、灌木清除和修剪措施下草本植物的生态位重叠和相似性较高，而种植措施下较低。重要值与生态位宽度呈正相关，但排序并不完全一致。生态位宽度较高的物种通常具有较高的生态位重叠和生态位相似性。结合 M-Godron 稳定性分析，灌木清除、修剪和自然再生措施下群落稳定性相当，而撂荒地和种植措施下群落稳定性较低。建议实施基于自然再生的保护措施，必要时辅以科学的人工维护（灌木清除、修剪等），以实现稳定的物种组成，促进三星堆城墙的可持续发展和植被景观恢复。
