Sun Jie, Wang Nai'ang, Niu Zhenmin
College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Center for Glacier and Desert Research, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Oct 2;12(19):3465. doi: 10.3390/plants12193465.
Desert ecosystems possess an astonishing biodiversity and are rich in endangered species. This study investigated characteristics of species diversity and soil environmental factors in three major deserts of China's Alxa Plateau. The Alxa Desert included 183 plant species belonging to 109 genera and 35 families. The highest numbers of plant species belonged to the Compositae, Gramineae, and Chenopodiaceae families. The research area belongs to the semi-shrub and small semi-shrub deserts in temperate deserts. Species diversity was low, with the Shannon-Wiener index (') of shrub-herb = shrub > herb > tree. The Pielou evenness index () of shrub herb vegetation was the lowest, indicating more enriched species and fewer sparse species in the community, and that these types of vegetation had the characteristics of rich and obviously dominant species. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and correlations between the comprehensive plant community biodiversity index and soil factors indicated that soil-available phosphorus (NP), organic matter (SOM), and electrical conductivity (EC) had significant impacts on community species diversity. The herbaceous shrub community exhibited the highest ', Simpson index (), species richness index (), soil moisture (SW), and soil nutrients. Planting , , , and to form a typical desert shrub community for community diversity protection is recommended to effectively protect and restore desert ecosystems.
沙漠生态系统拥有惊人的生物多样性，且濒危物种丰富。本研究调查了中国阿拉善高原三大主要沙漠的物种多样性特征和土壤环境因素。阿拉善沙漠包含183种植物，隶属于109属35科。植物种类最多的科为菊科、禾本科和藜科。研究区域属于温带沙漠中的半灌木和小半灌木沙漠。物种多样性较低，灌木 - 草本的香农 - 维纳指数（'）为灌木＞草本＞乔木。灌木草本植被的皮洛均匀度指数（）最低，表明群落中物种较为丰富，稀有种较少，且这类植被具有丰富且优势明显的物种特征。冗余分析（RDA）以及综合植物群落生物多样性指数与土壤因素之间的相关性表明，土壤有效磷（NP）、有机质（SOM）和电导率（EC）对群落物种多样性有显著影响。草本灌木群落的香农 - 维纳指数（'）、辛普森指数（）、物种丰富度指数（）、土壤湿度（SW）和土壤养分最高。建议种植 、 、 和 以形成典型的沙漠灌木群落来保护群落多样性，从而有效保护和恢复沙漠生态系统。
