Takashi Sakurai, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan, TEL: +81-562-46-2311, FAX: +81-562-46-8394, E-mail:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2023;27(11):932-939. doi: 10.1007/s12603-023-2007-9.
A few studies reported that both decrease and increase in body mass index (BMI) were associated with the development of dementia in later life. However, it is unclear what changes in body composition are associated with cognitive decline. This study investigated the longitudinal influences of changes in body composition on cognitive function among community-dwelling adults.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This longitudinal study included older adults aged ≥60 years without cognitive impairment who participated in National Institute for Longevity Sciences - Longitudinal Study of Aging.
Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE. Body composition was measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry system. Then, BMI, fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and muscle mass index (MMI) were calculated. The changes in body composition over 6 years (second wave to fifth wave) were calculated, and three groups were created: decreased group, decrease of >5%; stable group, change within 5%, and increased group, increase of >5%. In statistical analysis, a linear mixed model was applied by sex to investigate the influences of body composition changes on cognitive function over 4 years (fifth wave to seventh wave).
This study analyzed 515 participants (mean age, 67.05 years; 53.4% men). Men with decreased group in FFMI and MMI exhibited faster declines in MMSE scores than those with stable group (β [95% CI]: FFMI, -0.293 [-0.719 to -0.020]; MMI, -0.472 [-0.884 to -0.059]). In women, there was no significant association between body composition changes and cognitive functions.
Decrease in fat-free mass and muscle mass is associated with faster cognitive declines in men. These results suggest the importance of continuous monitoring of muscle mass to prevent cognitive decline in later life.
有几项研究报告称，体重指数（BMI）的降低和升高都与晚年痴呆的发生有关。然而，目前尚不清楚身体成分的哪些变化与认知能力下降有关。本研究旨在探讨社区居住的成年人中身体成分变化对认知功能的纵向影响。
设计、地点和参与者：这是一项纵向研究，纳入了无认知障碍且年龄≥60 岁的老年人，他们参加了国立长寿科学研究所-老龄化纵向研究。
使用简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评估认知功能。通过双能 X 射线吸收仪系统测量身体成分。然后计算 BMI、脂肪量指数（FMI）、去脂体重指数（FFMI）和肌肉量指数（MMI）。计算 6 年内（第二波至第五波）的身体成分变化，并创建 3 个组：减少组，减少幅度＞5%；稳定组，变化幅度在 5%以内；增加组，增加幅度＞5%。在统计分析中，按性别应用线性混合模型，以研究 4 年内（第五波至第七波）身体成分变化对认知功能的影响。
本研究共纳入 515 名参与者（平均年龄 67.05 岁，53.4%为男性）。男性中 FFMI 和 MMI 减少组的 MMSE 评分下降速度快于稳定组（β[95%CI]：FFMI，-0.293[-0.719 至-0.020]；MMI，-0.472[-0.884 至-0.059]）。女性中，身体成分变化与认知功能之间无显著相关性。
去脂体重和肌肉量的减少与男性认知能力下降的速度加快有关。这些结果提示我们需要持续监测肌肉量，以预防晚年的认知能力下降。
