Mann R A, Moran G T, Dougherty S E
Am J Sports Med. 1986 Nov-Dec;14(6):501-10. doi: 10.1177/036354658601400614.
An electromyographic study of the lower extremity muscles was undertaken in order to compare jogging, running, and sprinting. The study demonstrated that as the speed of gait increased, the support phase decreased, from 620 msec for walking to 260 msec for jogging to 220 msec for running to 140 msec for sprinting. The electromyographic data demonstrated that all muscle groups except the hip flexor and adductor longus were active during foot descent, floor contact, and midsupport. There was absence of muscle function during the late toe-off phase except that demonstrated by the adductor longus and the abdominal muscles during sprinting. The main muscle group that appears to increase the speed of gait is that of the hip flexors, which is closely linked to the knee extensors in order to propel the body forward in the line of progression. There was little or no activity in the gastrocnemius or in the intrinsic muscles of the foot about the time of toe-off, leading the authors to conclude that push-off per se does not appear to occur.
为了比较慢跑、跑步和短跑，对下肢肌肉进行了肌电图研究。研究表明，随着步态速度的增加，支撑期缩短，从步行时的620毫秒到慢跑时的260毫秒，再到跑步时的220毫秒，最后到短跑时的140毫秒。肌电图数据表明，除了髋屈肌和长收肌外，所有肌肉群在足下降、地面接触和支撑中期均处于活跃状态。在晚期蹬离期没有肌肉功能，除了短跑时的长收肌和腹肌所表现出的功能。似乎增加步态速度的主要肌肉群是髋屈肌，它与膝伸肌紧密相连，以便在行进路线上推动身体向前。在蹬离时，腓肠肌或足部固有肌肉几乎没有活动，这使得作者得出结论，蹬离本身似乎不会发生。
