Vaivre-Douret Laurence, Hamdioui Soukaina
Department of Medicine Paris Descartes, Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
Clinical Neurodevelopmental Phenotyping, University Institute of France (Institut Universitaire de France, IUF), 75005 Paris, France.
Children (Basel). 2023 Oct 26;10(11):1738. doi: 10.3390/children10111738.
We aimed to explore the developmental trajectory of depressive symptoms in a national sample of French children with a high intellectual potential (HIP) seeking help from gifted organizations. Participants were drawn from a national retrospective survey sent to 1200 families with HIP children (IQ ≥ 130) from primary to high school and they answered a self-report questionnaire of a depression scale (MDI-C). The children's parents completed a self-report questionnaire collected on different stages of the child's school level, perinatality, psychomotor development, health, family's history, behavior, interpersonal relationships and daily activities, school performance, presence of learning disorders and remediation. Four hundred and twenty HIP children were eligible with an IQ ≥ 130 aged from 8 to 17 years-old, 49% with depressive symptoms and 51% with no depressive symptoms. Analysis of 136 variables from anamnestic fields based on the use of Spearman's ρ test (ρ) with a non-parametric correlations showed that "learning disabilities" are significantly related to depressive symptoms in different groups (primary = 0.001, middle = 0.02, high school = 0.001) as well as "difficulties in psychomotor skills" during primary ( = 0.003) and middle school ( = 0.02). Good relationships with family as well as with peers are significantly negatively correlated with depressive symptoms from childhood to primary ( = 0.003) and high school ( = 0.02). Certain details of correlations between the MDI-C scale's subfactors and anamnestic variables were analyzed. The ANOVA test about the MDI-C scale showed provocation as a significant marker at middle school (F (1, 418) = 3.487, = 0.03) and low self-esteem at high school (F (1, 418) = 3.337, = 0.03). A holistic developmental approach allowed us to highlight the risk factors of depression with a developmental trajectory origin linked to disorders of social adjustment and psychomotor skills and to the importance of misdiagnosed learning disabilities because of giftedness. Our findings support the interest in an early identification of and intervention in depression risk to improve clinical decision making on the effect of giftedness on mental health outcomes.
我们旨在探索法国高智商（HIP）儿童全国样本中抑郁症状的发展轨迹，这些儿童向天才组织寻求帮助。参与者来自一项全国性回顾性调查，该调查发送给1200个有HIP儿童（智商≥130）的家庭，这些儿童从小学到高中，他们回答了一份抑郁量表（MDI-C）的自我报告问卷。儿童的父母完成了一份自我报告问卷，该问卷收集了孩子在学校不同阶段、围产期、心理运动发育、健康、家族史、行为、人际关系和日常活动、学业成绩、学习障碍的存在及矫正等方面的信息。420名智商≥130、年龄在8至17岁的HIP儿童符合条件，其中49%有抑郁症状，51%没有抑郁症状。基于Spearman's ρ检验（ρ）对回忆性领域的136个变量进行非参数相关性分析，结果显示，“学习障碍”在不同组（小学=0.001，初中=0.02，高中=0.001）与抑郁症状显著相关，小学阶段（=0.003）和初中阶段（=0.02）的“心理运动技能困难”也与抑郁症状显著相关。从童年到小学（=0.003）和高中（=0.02），与家人以及同伴的良好关系与抑郁症状显著负相关。分析了MDI-C量表子因素与回忆性变量之间相关性的某些细节。关于MDI-C量表的方差分析表明，挑衅是初中阶段的一个显著标志（F(1, 418)=3.487，=0.03），而自卑是高中阶段的显著标志（F(1, 418)==3.337，=0.03）。一种整体发展方法使我们能够突出与社会适应障碍、心理运动技能以及因天赋导致的学习障碍误诊重要性相关的抑郁风险因素。我们的研究结果支持了对早期识别和干预抑郁风险的关注，以改善关于天赋对心理健康结果影响的临床决策。
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