Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus de As Lagoas S/N, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
Team NanoTech, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Nov 9;24(22):16122. doi: 10.3390/ijms242216122.
The increasing attention that carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted due to their distinctive properties makes them one of the most widely used nanomaterials for industrial purposes. However, their toxicity and environmental effects must be carefully studied, particularly regarding aquatic biota. The implications of these carbon-based nanomaterials on aquatic ecosystems, due to their potential entry or accidental release during manufacturing and treatment processes, need to be studied because their impacts upon living organisms are not fully understood. In this research work, the toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ox-MWCNTs) was measured using the freshwater bivalve () after exposure to different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mg·L Ox-MWCNTs) for 14 days. The oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes were analyzed (pH, Raman microscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering), showing their properties and behavior (size, aggregation state, and structure) in water media. The antioxidant defenses in the organism's digestive gland and gills were evaluated through measuring oxidative stress enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase), lipid peroxidation, and total ubiquitin. The results showed a concentration-dependent response of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GST) in both tissues (gills and digestive glands) for all exposure periods in bivalves exposed to the different concentrations of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Lipid peroxidation (MDA content) showed a variable response with the increase in oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the gills after 7 and 14 exposure days. Overall, after 14 days, there was an increase in total Ub compared to controls. Overall, the oxidative stress observed after the exposure of to oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes indicates that the discharge of these nanomaterials into aquatic ecosystems can affect the biota as well as potentially accumulate in the trophic chain, and may even put human health at risk if they ingest contaminated animals.
由于其独特的性质，碳基纳米材料受到越来越多的关注，使其成为工业上应用最广泛的纳米材料之一。然而，它们的毒性和环境影响必须仔细研究，特别是关于水生生物群。这些碳基纳米材料对水生生态系统的影响，由于它们在制造和处理过程中可能进入或意外释放，需要进行研究，因为人们对它们对生物的影响还不完全了解。在这项研究工作中，使用淡水双壳类动物（）测量了氧化多壁碳纳米管（Ox-MWCNTs）在不同浓度（0、0.1、0.2 和 0.5 mg·L Ox-MWCNTs）下暴露 14 天后的毒性。氧化多壁碳纳米管进行了分析（pH 值、拉曼显微镜、高分辨率电子显微镜和动态光散射），显示了它们在水介质中的性质和行为（大小、聚集状态和结构）。通过测量氧化应激酶（谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶）、脂质过氧化和总泛素，评估了生物体消化腺和鳃中的抗氧化防御能力。结果表明，在暴露于不同浓度氧化多壁碳纳米管的双壳类动物的所有暴露期内，两种组织（鳃和消化腺）中的抗氧化酶（CAT 和 GST）均呈现浓度依赖性反应。脂质过氧化（MDA 含量）在暴露于氧化多壁碳纳米管的第 7 天和第 14 天，在鳃中随着氧化多壁碳纳米管的增加而呈现出不同的反应。总的来说，与对照组相比，在 14 天后，总 Ub 增加。总的来说，暴露于氧化多壁碳纳米管后观察到的氧化应激表明，这些纳米材料排放到水生生态系统中会影响生物群，并且可能在食物链中积累，甚至如果它们摄入受污染的动物，还可能对人类健康造成风险。
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